[2011.05.19] 医学没有替代品

引用 join_soon 2011-5-25 01:01

Medicine
医学
There is no alternative
没有替代品
Virtually all alternative medicine is bunk; but the placebo effect is rather interesting
几乎所有的替代医学都是骗人的，但安慰剂效应相当有趣。
May 19th 2011 | from the print edition

IT IS, you might suppose, always good to have an alternative. In medicine, though, that is a controversial proposition. Alternative and complementary medicine are mostly quackery. Yet they are very popular. Clearly, they have something that mainstream medicine does not. The question is, what?
你可能会认为，任何事物最好都能有替代品。但在医学界里，这是一个富有争议的议题。替代医学几乎全部都是骗人的治疗。然而，他们却很受欢迎。无疑地，他们有传统医生所没有的独到之处。问题就是他们的独到之处是什么？
A few treatments (mostly herbs containing active drug molecules) do have proven benefits. A few others look worthy of further investigation. But from acupuncture, via homeopathy, to “quantum healing”, the vast majority, some 95%, offer nothing more than the placebo effect—the strange and inadequately explained tendency of certain medical conditions to respond to anything the patient thinks is directed at treating them, even when the treatment in question could not possibly have a direct effect on the disease.
少许治疗（草药通常含有有效的药微粒）已被证明有疗效。另一少部分貌似值得进一步研究。【但是，】从针灸、顺势治疗到“量子治疗”，绝大多数（约95％）的另类治疗仅仅提供安慰剂效应——不充分地解释了某些医学趋势，即使当上述治疗法不可能对疾病有直接影响，但病人自认为这会医治好他们【---有些病情，如果病人认为治疗会有任何的一种作用，那么，病情就会有那种反应，尽管那个治疗不可能最那个疾病有直接的作用。这个安慰剂效应是奇怪的，在医学中还没有足够的解释。】
It is thus a great pity that Edzard Ernst, the first professor of alternative medicine (that is, real scientific professor) and the man who demonstrated that 95% of the industry was hokum, is about to retire early (see article). It is an even greater pity that funding to his department at Britain’s Exeter University looks likely to be cut. For the message needs to be broadcast that alternative medicine is a colossal waste of money. Globally, the industry is estimated to be worth some $60 billion a year. That is a lot to pay for placebos.
这有点可惜，因为证明了该行业里的95%治疗都是空话的首位非传统医学教授（更确切地说，科学教授【注意了，是真正的科学教授】）即将提早退休。更可惜的是英国埃克塞特大学貌似要减少对他部门的资金支持【更可惜的是他所在的英国埃克塞特大学的这个系的资金支持可能会被砍掉】。这似乎传递出这样一个信息【因为，世界需要广泛传播这个信息】：非传统医学浪费巨额钱财。从全球来看，该行业一年的总估价为600亿美元。也就是说人们为安慰剂支付了很多钱。
The world’s advertising-standards offices should thus crack down on bogus claims—including the idea that there is such a thing as “alternative medicine” in the first place. If it works, it is a medicine and should be regulated like one. If it doesn’t work, it isn’t a medicine. Whenever scientifically challenged celebrities, such as the Prince of Wales, waffle on about it in ways that suggest it is outside the realm of scientific scrutiny, they too should be denounced by academics and proper doctors.
因此，全球的广告标准局应该严厉打击虚假声称——包括把“另类疗法”摆在打假的首位【首先就要打击那个“有另类医学这样一个东西”的观念】。如果它见效，就意味着它是药物【医学】而且应该要像其他药物【医学】一样进行监管。如果它不见效，就意味着它并不是药物【医学】。无论何时都会有人在学问上挑战权威【每当有不懂科学的名人】，例如，查尔斯王子在不同方式上对此胡说八道并建议让非传统医学不接受科学的详细监查，他们太【也】需要有【遭到】学者和正派的医生来声明它是无效的【的谴责】。
That should not, however, blind those proper doctors to the one thing, among all the claptrap, the so-called alternative does have to offer. Placebos can bring relief, especially from nerve-related problems like pain and depression. They may also reach further than that. There is growing evidence that the strength of a person’s immune system is affected by his mental state, too: a healthy mind really does count, especially in an unhealthy body. You do not necessarily have to dress up placebos in the trumpery of alternative medicine: studies show placebos also work when patients are just given fake pills that they think are proper medicines and even when they know they are placebos. But the alternative-medicine industry plainly excels as a placebo delivery service.
不管怎么样，对于此事我们也都不应该盲目地迷信那些正派的医生【不过，这不能让那些正派的医生视而不见一件事，】，在所有的哗众取宠的东西中所谓的非传统医学也有其独到之处。安慰剂能让人得到缓解（痛苦）和安慰，尤其在疼痛和忧郁等相关问题上。它的效用可能不止如此。还有进一步证据显示，精神状态会影响一个人的免疫系统：心理健康十分重要，特别身体不健康的人。你不必对中看不中用的替代医学中安慰剂的添油加醋：研究表明当病人吃无药效的假【假药片】但他们认为这是真药，安慰剂也有药效，即使病人明明知道那是安慰剂（也一样）。但是替代治疗行业独到之处主要在于安慰的传递【发送】。
Visit more, listen more
多一点家访，多一点倾听
For all the nonsense, the industry follows the famed advice of Sir William Osler, one of the fathers of (real) medicine: “care more particularly for the individual patient than for the especial features of the disease.” The industrialisation of patient care often depersonalises the process of treatment. The average length of an appointment with a British family doctor, for example, is eight minutes. However, complementary and alternative therapists—perhaps because they are usually private—take much longer. Patients reward them by believing (wrongly but usefully) that it is the specifics of the therapy that are bringing relief, rather than the attention itself. Proper doctors could learn from this. Veterans have always known the importance of a bedside manner. More home visits and fewer telephone consultations might work wonders.
尽管(替代医学)是空话，但该行业遵照（传统）【真正】医学之父之一的Sir William著名意见：“应该多关注病人本身，而不是关注疾病的特征。” 随着病患照料的标准化【工业化】，在治疗的过程中病人护工慢慢失去个性化【常常使治疗过程去个性化】。例如，一位英国家庭医生的平均任期【面谈时间】只有八分钟。然而，替代治疗专家——也许因为他们通常是私人的——投入更多。病人以信念（错误的但有用的）作为报答。这也是安慰治疗的独到之处，而不是治疗本身【：这是治疗本身的效果，而不仅仅只是安慰的效果】。传统医生也应当从中学习。 经验丰富者一直明白医生对病人态度的重要性。多一些家访，少一些电话，咨询【电话咨询】可能会创造奇迹。

引用 Uniquorn 2011-5-25 01:26

the strange and inadequately explained tendency of certain medical conditions to respond to anything the patient thinks is directed at treating them, even when the treatment in question could not possibly have a direct effect on the disease: 基本结构是 the ... tendency of certain medical conditions to respond to anything ... 可以这样翻：某些病症会因为任何病人认为是对症的东西发生好转，即使那种治疗手段根本不可能对该病症有直接的效果。某些病症的这一奇特的倾向尚未得到充分解释。

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 19:49

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But from acupuncture, via homeopathy, to “quantum healing”, the vast majority, some 95%, offer nothing more than the placebo effect—the strange and inadequately explained tendency of certain medical conditions to respond to anything the patient thinks is directed at treating them, even when the treatment in question could not possibly have a direct effect on the disease.
这不是难句， 但是的确难译。 我也试试。

但是，从针灸、顺势治疗到“量子康复”，绝大多数（约95％）的另类医学提供的只不过是安慰剂效应而已——所谓的安慰剂效应， 就是某种疾病的有些患者只要认为某种疗法是针对他们所患的疾病， 即使该疗法对该疾病完全不可能有什么直接的疗效， 其病情都会有回应（或缓解---译者）的倾向。 这种倾向是奇特的， 迄今尚未得到充分的解释。
（注意， 患者前加上“有些” 是必要的， 安慰剂效应不是人人都有， 多发生在容易接受暗示的人身上）
“所谓的安慰剂效应”----这个加译， 求的是换口气， 更顺畅。
“ 这种倾向是奇特的， 迄今尚未得到充分的解释。”---这个东西， 次要， 分开来译， 以免上气不接下气。
“所谓的安慰剂效应， 就是某种疾病的有些患者只要认为某种疗法是针对他们所患的疾病， 即使该疗法对该疾病完全不可能有什么直接的疗效， 其病情都会有回应（或缓解---译者）的倾向。”---这里的结构是 “效应是倾向”， 一气呵成， 以求定义的精确严密。

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 19:53

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请看回应。

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 20:03

You do not necessarily have to dress up placebos in the trumpery of alternative medicine:
（安慰剂就是安慰剂）你不必把安慰剂打扮成花枝招展的另类医学。

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 20:05

But the alternative-medicine industry plainly excels as a placebo delivery service.
另类医学比主流医学干的好的地方显然就是在给病人递送安慰剂的服务上。

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 20:09

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More home visits and fewer telephone consultations might work wonders
这里的主语是More home visits and fewer telephone consultations
不是consultations

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-25 20:14

Patients reward them by believing (wrongly but usefully) that it is the specifics of the therapy that are bringing relief, rather than the attention itself.
病人对替代医学医生耐心服务的报答就是（错误地， 但是有用地------毕竟病情缓解了）开始相信他们病情的缓解是因为疗法的特殊， 而不是因为医生的关怀态度。

引用 710802847 2011-5-25 21:41

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多一些家访，少一些电话咨询，这样可能会创造奇迹。

引用 710802847 2011-5-25 21:51

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小弟真的谢谢陈老师的每次用心点评。我也知道我的译文有很多错误，我以后会更加努力的！！！

引用 710802847 2011-5-25 21:53

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当然还要谢谢斑竹您！！我会更加努力~

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-26 02:17

本帖最后由 yannanchen 于 2011-5-26 03:18 编辑

Dress Up In A Smurfette Costume For Halloween Costume Party
http://e-datefinder.com/articles ... e-for-halloween-310

dress up in + noun
穿......衣服， 打扮成.....，


你说：“我觉得in the trumpery of alternative medicine是一个状语”
当然是状语， 但是， 这个状语是跟dress up 固定连在一起的。不是松散的， 可用可不用的状语。

相当于 disguise ...as...

引用 yannanchen 2011-5-26 02:20

安慰剂就是安慰剂
不必把安慰剂叫做（装扮成）顺势疗法， 叫做鸡血疗法， 叫做针灸疗法， 刮痧疗法， 国医， 中医， 藏医， 蒙医， 。

引用 renzhe1937 2011-5-26 07:51

创造奇迹？

引用 echo.chan 2011-5-26 09:16

Alternative and complementary medicine  替代医学  补充医学  
漏译了后面那个

引用 earthese 2011-5-26 11:49

本帖最后由 earthese 于 2011-5-26 11:54 编辑

but the placebo effect is rather interesting

但是恢复性安慰药效应还有点意思

引用 小紫789 2011-5-26 12:23

引用 incense 2011-5-26 15:20

The average length of an appointment with a British family doctor, for example, is eight minutes.

appointment这里指的是看医生，不是总统任期~

引用 apan924 2011-5-26 16:08

第三段开头的It是形式主语，真正的主语在后面。翻译成“这”，在汉语中指代只能是前面的内容。

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