[7.30.2011] 安吉拉，非巨龙杀手

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-2 11:00

本帖最后由 Sophia2011 于 2011-8-2 11:18 编辑

词汇整理如下1：

1. embark verb  [intransitive, transitive] (formal)
to get onto a ship; to put something onto a ship
We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.
embark somebody/something
They embarked the troops by night.
Opposite disembark

embarkation noun
[uncountable, countable] Embarkation will be at 14:20 hours.
Phrasal verbs
embark on/upon something
(formal) to start to do something new or difficult
She is about to embark on a diplomatic career.
Remember these basic rules before embarking upon major home improvements.

2. aura noun
aura (of something) a feeling or particular quality that is very noticeable and seems to surround a person or place
She always has an aura of confidence.
The mountains have a magical aura.

air （impression）
4 [singular] the particular feeling or impression that is given by somebody/something; the way somebody does something
The room had an air of luxury.
She looked at him with a defiant air.
There was an air of complete confidence about her.

3. yearning noun
[countable, uncountable] (formal) a strong and emotional desire
Synonym longing
yearning (for somebody/something) a yearning for a quiet life
yearning (to do something) She had no great yearning to go back.
yearningly adverb

4. spectacular adjective
very impressive
Synonym breathtaking
spectacular scenery
Messi scored a spectacular goal.
It was a spectacular achievement on their part.
a spectacular display of fireworks
spectacularly adverb
It has been a spectacularly successful year.


5. vintage adjective
[only before noun]
1 vintage wine is of very good quality and has been stored for several years
2 (British English) (of a vehicle) made between 1919 and 1930 and admired for its style and interest
a vintage rally (= for vehicles of this type) compare veteran car
3 typical of a period in the past and of high quality; the best work of the particular persona collection of vintage designs
vintage TV drama
The opera is vintage Rossini.
4 vintage year a particularly good and successful year
2008 was not a vintage year for the movies.

6. damn verb
1 damn somebody/something (informal) used when swearing at somebody/something to show that you are angry
Damn you! I'm not going to let you bully me.
Damn this machine! Why won't it work?
2 damn somebody (of God) to decide that somebody must suffer in hell
3 damn somebody/something to criticize somebody/something very strongly
The film was damned by the critics for its mindless violence.

7. dither verb
[intransitive] to hesitate about what to do because you are unable to decide
Stop dithering and get on with it.
dither over something She was dithering over what to wear.

8. bridle verb
1 [transitive] bridle something to put a bridle on a horse
2 [intransitive] bridle (at something) (literary) to show that you are annoyed and/or offended at something, especially by moving your head up and backwards in a proud way
She bridled at the suggestion that she was lying.

9. Fafnir n.(北欧神话中的)法夫纳（为Nibelung护宝的龙形巨人；被Sigurd所杀）

10. eclipse verb
1 [often passive] eclipse something (of the moon, the earth, etc.) to cause an eclipse
2 eclipse somebody/something to make somebody/something seem dull or unimportant by comparison
Synonym outshine, overshadow
Though a talented player, he was completely eclipsed by his brother.

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-2 11:01

本帖最后由 Sophia2011 于 2011-8-2 11:21 编辑

词汇整理如下2：

11. adhere verb
[intransitive] adhere (to something) (formal) to stick firmly to something
Once in the bloodstream, the bacteria adhere to the surface of the red cells.
Clean the surface first, or the paint will not adhere.
There was oil adhering to the bird's feathers.
Phrasal verbs
adhere to something
(formal) to behave according to a particular law, rule, set of instructions, etc; to follow a particular set of beliefs or a fixed way of doing something
For ten months he adhered to a strict no-fat low-salt diet.
She adheres to teaching methods she learned over 30 years ago.
Staff should adhere strictly to the safety guidelines.
The diet will work if it is adhered to.

12. sell (persuade)
4 [intransitive, transitive] to make people want to buy something
You may not like it but advertising sells.
sell something It is quality not price that sells our products.

5 [transitive] sell something/yourself (to somebody) to persuade somebody that something is a good idea, service, product, etc; to persuade somebody that you are the right person for a job, position, etc
Now we have to try and sell the idea to management.
You really have to sell yourself at a job interview.

13. wayward adjective   (formal)
difficult to control
Synonym headstrong
a wayward child
wayward emotions
waywardness noun [uncountable]

14. on easy terms (商业用语)以优厚的条件；以分期付款方式：buy furniture on easy terms 以分期付款方式买进家具

15. commercialize verb (British English also -ise)  
[often passive] commercialize something to use something to try to make a profit, especially in a way that other people do not approve of
Their music has become very commercialized in recent years.
Christmas is far too commercialized now.
commercialization, -isation  noun [uncountable]

16. Bundesbank
The Deutsche Bundesbank (German for German Federal Bank) is the central bank of the Federal Republic of Germany and as such part of the European System of Central Banks (ESCB). Due to its strength and former size, the Bundesbank is the most influential member of the ESCB. Both the Deutsche Bundesbank and the European Central Bank (ECB) are located in Frankfurt am Main. It is sometimes referred to as "Buba" for Bundesbank.[1]

The Bundesbank was established in 1957 and succeeded the Bank deutscher Länder, which introduced the Deutsche Mark on 20 June 1948. Until the euro was physically introduced in 2002, the Deutsche Bundesbank was the central bank of the former Deutsche Mark ("German Mark", sometimes known in English as the "Deutschmark").

The Deutsche Bundesbank was the first central bank to be given full independence, leading this form of central bank to be referred to as the Bundesbank model, as opposed, for instance, to the New Zealand model, which has a goal (i.e. inflation target) set by the government.

The Bundesbank was greatly respected for its control of inflation through the second half of the 20th century. This made the German Mark one of the most respected currencies, and the Bundesbank gained substantial indirect influence in many European countries.

17. Jens Weidmann (born 20 April 1968 in Solingen) is a German economist. Since February 2006 he serves as Head of Division IV (Economic and Financial Policy) in the Federal Chancellery. He was the chief negotiator of the Federal Republic of Germany for both the summits of the G8 and the G20. As of February 2011, Weidmann is designated to succeed Axel A. Weber as president of the Deutsche Bundesbank.[1][2]

18. admonish verb  (formal)
1 admonish somebody (for something/for doing something)| + speech
to tell somebody firmly that you do not approve of something that they have done
Synonym reprove
She was admonished for chewing gum in class.
2 admonish somebody (to do something) to strongly advise somebody to do something
A warning voice admonished him not to let this happen.

19. mutiny noun
plural mutinies [uncountable, countable] the act of refusing to obey the orders of somebody in authority, especially by soldiers or sailors
Discontent among the ship's crew finally led to the outbreak of mutiny.
the famous movie ‘Mutiny on the Bounty’We have a family mutiny on our hands!

20. in the teeth of something
1 despite problems, opposition, etc
The new policy was adopted in the teeth of fierce criticism.
2 in the direction that a strong wind is coming from
They crossed the bay in the teeth of a howling gale.

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-2 11:07

本帖最后由 Sophia2011 于 2011-8-2 11:25 编辑

词汇整理如下3：

21. unpalatable adjective
unpalatable (to somebody)1 (of facts, ideas, etc.) unpleasant and not easy to accept
Synonym distasteful
Only then did I learn the unpalatable truth.

2 not pleasant to taste
unpalatable food
The insects store this chemical in their bodies in order to make themselves unpalatable to predators.
Opposite palatable

22. sop noun
[usually singular] sop (to somebody/something) a small, not very important, thing that is offered to somebody who is angry or disappointed in order to make them feel better

23. muster verb.
1 [transitive] muster something (up) to find as much support, courage, etc. as you can
Synonym summon
We mustered what support we could for the plan.
She left the room with all the dignity she could muster.
He could muster only 154 votes at the election.

2 [intransitive, transitive] to come together, or bring people, especially soldiers, together for example for military action
Synonym gather
The troops mustered.
The force mustered 1000 strong.
muster somebody/something to muster an army
The navy could muster 44 warships.

3 [transitive] muster something (Australian English, New Zealand English) to gather together sheep or cows

24. claw your way back, into something, out of something, to something, etc.
to gradually achieve something or move somewhere by using a lot of determination and effort
She clawed her way to the top of her profession.Slowly, he clawed his way out from under the collapsed building.

25. falter verb
1 [intransitive] to become weaker or less effective
Synonym Waver
The economy shows no signs of faltering.
Her courage never faltered.

2 [intransitive, transitive] (+ speech) to speak in a way that shows that you are not confident
His voice faltered as he began his speech.

3 [intransitive] to walk or behave in a way that shows that you are not confident
She walked up to the platform without faltering.
He never faltered in his commitment to the party.
faltering  adjective
the faltering peace talks
the baby's first faltering steps


26. bulwark noun

1 [usually singular] bulwark (against something) (formal) a person or thing that protects or defends something
a bulwark against extremism

2 [countable] a wall built as a defence

3 [usually plural] the part of a ship's side that is above the level of the deck

27. brinkmanship noun
(North American English also brinksmanship ) [uncountable]
the activity, especially in politics, of getting into a situation that could be very dangerous in order to frighten people and make them do what you want engaged in a deadly game of political brinkmanship

brinkmanship n.1.边缘政策（指冒险把危急局势推到极限）2.推向边缘的处理手法

28. buy time
to do something in order to delay an event, a decision, etc
The negotiators kept the gunman talking to buy time for the hostages.

29. unpalatable(to somebody)

1 (of facts, ideas, etc.) unpleasant and not easy to accept
Synonym distasteful
Only then did I learn the unpalatable truth.

2 not pleasant to tasteunpalatable food
The insects store this chemical in their bodies in order to make themselves unpalatable to predators.

opposite palatable

30. footing noun  [singular]

1 the position of your feet when they are safely on the ground or some other surface
She lost her footing (= she slipped or lost her balance) and fell backwards into the water.
I slipped and struggled to regain my footing.

2 the basis on which something is established or organized
The company is now on a sound financial footing.
The country has been on a war footing (= prepared for war) since March.

3 the position or status of somebody/something in relation to others; the relationship between two or more people or groups
The two groups must meet on an equal footing.
They were demanding to be treated on the same footing as the rest of the teachers.

引用 tabfirst 2011-8-2 21:06

mark下，明天再看

引用 contrary 2011-8-2 21:26

先占个位子~~明早仔细看~~
LZ整理词汇的方法我要严重学习之!!!

引用 echo.chan 2011-8-3 10:30

本帖最后由 echo.chan 于 2011-8-3 10:34 编辑

last such scheme 漏译

安格拉·默克尔---和题目”安吉拉“不统一，建议统一

Angela Merkel had less the aura of a leader who has just saved the euro than the air of an executive who has just cleared her desk.
她很少有那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉，甚至还不如主管刚刚清理完自己的写字台的那副神气
欧元不会天天需要挽救，用“很少有”不妥。
她身上的味道/给人的感觉/脸上的神色，更像是方才清理完自己桌面的主管，而不是一个刚刚挽救了欧元的领导。

a spectacular coup  一次令人印象深刻的政变
coup还有个意思： the fact of achieving sth that was difficult to do
“印象深刻”太委屈spectacular了

引用 contrary 2011-8-3 10:55

本帖最后由 contrary 于 2011-8-3 12:32 编辑

1.AS SHE prepared to embark on her summer holiday (Wagner in Bayreuth, walking in the Alps), Angela Merkel had less the aura of a leader who has just saved the euro than the air of an executive who has just cleared her desk.当安格拉·默克尔准备好了开始度假之时，她很少有那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉，甚至还不如主管刚刚清理完自己的写字台的那副神气。
安格拉·默克尔已准备开始度假，但她此刻的神情丝毫不像一个刚刚拯救了欧元的领导，倒像个刚刚清理完办公桌的主管。

2.The “yearning for a spectacular coup” to stabilise the single currency is understandable, said the German chancellor on July 22nd, the day after a crisis summit of euro-zone leaders. 在欧元区领导的一次危机高峰会后，7月22日这位德国总理说道，渴望一次令人印象深刻的政变来稳定这种单一货币非常令人理解。
7月22日，在欧元区领导的一次危机峰会后，德国总理说道，人们渴望发生一场令人印象深刻的政变来稳定欧元这种单一货币，这点可以理解。

3.But the real solution is a “controlled process of successive, agreed steps” that makes progress “toward the core of the problem”.
然而，真正的解决方案是一个可以控制的过程。这个过程中持续的、协调好的措施对问题的核心会取得一定的进步。
然而，真正的解决方案应该是一个受人控制的过程。在此过程中，应采取对问题核心有所帮助的、经过商议的连续措施。

4. Her critics damn her for a lack of European zeal 评论者咒骂她缺乏欧洲人的热情
评论者谴责她缺乏欧洲人的热情

5.But unbridled passion and excessive haste would not have solved the euro zone’s problems at an acceptable political cost不受控制的激情和过度的草率将无法在可接受的政治代价内解决欧元区的问题。
这句是不是可以用反译呢？
凭一腔放纵的激情和过度的草率的态度或许也可以解决欧元区的问题，但其政治代价却十分高昂

6.It was bold enough to calm the markets, at least temporarily. 这项计划大胆地足以稳定市场，至少是暂时的。
这项计划十分大胆，其程度足以稳定市场，至少暂时可以。

7.euro had eclipsed unemployment as the prime concern of German voters on the eve of the summit. 欧元已经掩盖了作为峰会前夕德国选民最关心的失业率的重要性。
在峰会前夕，欧元已经掩饰了德国选民最为关注的失业问题。

8.Yet there is little enthusiasm for it. 然而，对此鲜有热情。
这一句应该加个主语，LZ联系上下文自己加上吧。

9.The deal drags Germany further away from its insistence 这项交易进一步脱离德国的坚持。
这项交易使德国进一步脱离了自己的主张。

引用 echo.chan 2011-8-3 10:58

默克尔典型的风格---典型的默克尔风格

took hold in   根深蒂固--过头了

criminal  道德错误的---可耻的

she can sell  她会劝说---她能劝说

The deal drags Germany further away from its insistence  这项交易进一步脱离德国的坚持
deal可以是交易，也可以是协议
协议drag   德国 further away from...

well-managed economies  管理好的经济体---管理有序的，管理良好的

communalising risks 商业化危机
communal 公共的，集体的
做动词是什么意思？

That makes an unpalatable package tolerable.
这使得令人不愉快且不可接受的计划还算过得去
令人不快的计划尚可忍受

引用 aubreychen 2011-8-3 12:07

coalition might break up over the euro.
over the euro是在欧元问题上。不是随着的意思。。

引用 contrary 2011-8-3 12:31

10.Anxiety about the euro accounts for much of the discontent.对欧元的焦虑说明了很多的不满。
同样要加个主语

11.Finally, the first step toward restructuring终于，面临重组的第一步
终于，他们迈出了重组的第一步

12.the coalition might break up over the euro.联合政府可能会随着欧元而结束。
联合政府可能会因欧元的问题而解体。

13.that well-managed economies should not have to pay for the mistakes of wayward ones. 管理好的经济体不应该为难以控制的经济体的错误付出代价。
妥善管理的经济体不应为难以管理的经济体所犯的错误付出代价

引用 tabfirst 2011-8-3 14:37

这个coup是不是翻译的有点重啊？

1    ( also   coup d'état )   a sudden change of government that is illegal and often violent

2   the fact of achieving sth that was difficult to do
是不是取第二个意思好一些？

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-3 21:58

本帖最后由 Sophia2011 于 2011-8-4 02:13 编辑

回复 echo.chan 的帖子

多谢echo_chan的修改。下面讲讲一些翻译时出现的情况。

last such scheme 漏译
but it will not be the last such scheme
但它将不会是最后的方案

echo_chen真是火眼金星。这里的“such”如果翻译出来，译文成“但它将不会是最后这样的方案
”样的，所以为了译文更妥帖些，将“such”不再翻译出来。不知echo_chen是否有更好的译文或解释？

安格拉·默克尔---和题目”安吉拉“不统一，建议统一
实在粗心。多谢！马上修改！

Angela Merkel had less the aura of a leader who has just saved the euro than the air of an executive who has just cleared her desk.
她很少有那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉，甚至还不如主管刚刚清理完自己的写字台的那副神气
欧元不会天天需要挽救，用“很少有”不妥。
她身上的味道/给人的感觉/脸上的神色，更像是方才清理完自己桌面的主管，而不是一个刚刚挽救了欧元的领导。

这里综合contrary的修改，整句改成：当安吉拉·默克尔准备好度假时，她那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉竟然比清理完自己写字台的主管的神气还要微弱。

a spectacular coup  一次令人印象深刻的政变
coup还有个意思： the fact of achieving sth that was difficult to do
“印象深刻”太委屈spectacular了

The “yearning for a spectacular coup” to stabilise the single currency is understandable
翻成：人们渴望“难以获得的引人注目的客观现实”来稳定这种单一的货币，这点可以理解。

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-3 22:28

回复 echo.chan 的帖子

默克尔典型的风格---典型的默克尔风格
这个改的不错。

took hold in   根深蒂固--过头了
take hold 生根；固定下来；确立：I broke him of his bad habit before it could take hold. 在他的坏习惯还没有变得根深蒂固之前，我使他改变了它。【英汉大词典】
这里“take hold”取得是例句中的“根深蒂固”来增加语言色彩而已。


criminal  道德错误的---可耻的
这里选择其意“morally wrong”而将意思翻译而成。当时看了英汉大词典，觉得“可耻的”似乎还不太一样，所以选择了翻译原义“morally wrong”。不知有谁有更好的解释没？

she can sell  她会劝说---她能劝说
这里很难取舍，感觉这两者的区别不是很大。有高手可以帮助解释一下这两者的区别么？

The deal drags Germany further away from its insistence  这项交易进一步脱离德国的坚持
deal可以是交易，也可以是协议
协议drag   德国 further away from...
解释的真不错。

well-managed economies  管理好的经济体---管理有序的，管理良好的
这个改的不错，采纳。

communalising risks 商业化危机
communal 公共的，集体的
做动词是什么意思？
翻译时看错字了。多谢指出了差错。

That makes an unpalatable package tolerable.
这使得令人不愉快且不可接受的计划还算过得去
令人不快的计划尚可忍受
改成：令人不快且不可接受的计划尚可忍受

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-3 22:54

本帖最后由 Sophia2011 于 2011-8-3 23:56 编辑

回复 contrary 的帖子

多谢contrary的修改。大部分修改的非常好，有小部分综合其他同学的修改，做了整体修改。

1.AS SHE prepared to embark on her summer holiday (Wagner in Bayreuth, walking in the Alps), Angela Merkel had less the aura of a leader who has just saved the euro than the air of an executive who has just cleared her desk.
当安格拉·默克尔准备好了开始度假之时，她很少有那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉，甚至还不如主管刚刚清理完自己的写字台的那副神气。
安格拉·默克尔已准备开始度假，但此时她丝毫不像一个刚刚拯救了欧元的领导，倒像个刚刚清理完办公桌的主管。

整句改成：当安吉拉·默克尔准备好度假时，她那种刚刚挽救了欧元的领导的感觉竟然比清理完自己写字台的主管的神气还要微弱。

2.The “yearning for a spectacular coup” to stabilise the single currency is understandable, said the German chancellor on July 22nd, the day after a crisis summit of euro-zone leaders.
在欧元区领导的一次危机高峰会后，7月22日这位德国总理说道，渴望一次令人印象深刻的政变来稳定这种单一货币非常令人理解。
7月22日，在欧元区领导的一次危机峰会后，德国总理说道，人们渴望发生一场令人印象深刻的政变来稳定欧元这种单一货币，这点可以理解。

多谢调整语序和修改。
整句改成：7月22日，在欧元区领导的一次危机峰会后，这位德国总理说道，人们“渴望印象非常深刻且很难获得的客观现实” 来稳定单一货币，这点可以理解。


3.But the real solution is a “controlled process of successive, agreed steps” that makes progress “toward the core of the problem”.
然而，真正的解决方案是一个可以控制的过程。这个过程中持续的、协调好的措施对问题的核心会取得一定的进步。
然而，真正的解决方案应该是一个受人控制的过程。在此过程中，应采取对问题核心有所帮助的、经过商议的连续措施。
这里的“受人”改的非常好，还有后面的调整语序和修改。

4. Her critics damn her for a lack of European zeal
评论者咒骂她缺乏欧洲人的热情
评论者谴责她缺乏欧洲人的热情
这个“谴责”改得很好。


5.But unbridled passion and excessive haste would not have solved the euro zone’s problems at an acceptable political cost
不受控制的激情和过度的草率将无法在可接受的政治代价内解决欧元区的问题。
这句是不是可以用反译呢？
凭一腔放纵的激情和过度的草率的态度或许也可以解决欧元区的问题，但其政治代价却十分高昂
改得真是好，用这个语气不错。

6.It was bold enough to calm the markets, at least temporarily.
这项计划大胆地足以稳定市场，至少是暂时的。
这项计划十分大胆，其程度足以稳定市场，至少暂时可以。
多谢断句和修改。

7.euro had eclipsed unemployment as the prime concern of German voters on the eve of the summit.
欧元已经掩盖了作为峰会前夕德国选民最关心的失业率的重要性。
在峰会前夕，欧元已经掩饰了德国选民最为关注的失业问题。
多谢！改得很有中文气息。

8.Yet there is little enthusiasm for it. 然而，对此鲜有热情。
这一句应该加个主语，LZ联系上下文自己加上吧。
多谢提醒。

9.The deal drags Germany further away from its insistence
这项交易进一步脱离德国的坚持。
这项交易进一步脱离德国的主张。
这句改成：这项协议进一步脱离德国的主张。

引用 contrary 2011-8-3 23:00

回复 Sophia2011 的帖子

人们“渴望印象非常深刻且很难获得的客观现实” 来稳定单一货币
"渴望印象非常深刻且很难获得的客观现实" 这个岂能将英文解释直译啊?!太怪异了!无论如何要斟酌出一个词换掉才好啊!

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-4 00:04

回复 contrary 的帖子

10.Anxiety about the euro accounts for much of the discontent.
对欧元的焦虑说明了很多的不满。
同样要加个主语

人们对欧元的焦虑说明了很多的不满。

11.Finally, the first step toward restructuring
终于，面临重组的第一步
终于，他们迈出了重组的第一步
这个“迈出”改得非常好。

改成：他们终于迈出了重组的第一步

12.the coalition might break up over the euro.
联合政府可能会随着欧元而结束。
联合政府可能会因欧元的问题而解体。
不错，采纳。

13.that well-managed economies should not have to pay for the mistakes of wayward ones.
管理好的经济体不应该为难以控制的经济体的错误付出代价。
妥善管理的经济体不应为难以管理的经济体所犯的错误付出代价
这个“妥善管理”非常不错耶，多谢！

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-4 02:16

回复 contrary 的帖子

翻成：人们渴望“难以获得的引人注目的客观现实”来稳定这种单一的货币，这点可以理解。

当时正在修改其它地方，一下子没有办法腾出时间修改这句话；而且这句话确实感觉比较难以一下子修改好。多谢你指出这句话。现在这句译文应该改进了很多。多谢你！

引用 contrary 2011-8-4 09:08

人们渴望“难以获得的引人注目的客观现实”来稳定这种单一的货币
这个版本我仍然觉得不好，一是太长，二是费解，
首先，我认为这里可不必拘泥于“客观现实”四个字，其实原文的意思我觉得是人们渴望实行某种措施或政策，从而出现这种“客观现实”。
其次，“难以获得的引人注目的”可以试着用一个词来代替，比如“无与伦比”（或者其他）其实就含有难得、惊人的意思，既然杰出那就自然会引人注目了。反正我的意思是不必拘泥原来那两个成语。

参考：人们渴望会有某种“无与伦比的良方妙计”来稳定欧元这种单一货币
个人意见~~不同意就再讨论~~

引用 Sophia2011 2011-8-4 09:38

回复cool同学，

1. coup不是客观事实，看mw 的解释更好理解 a brilliant, sudden, and usually highly successful stroke or act 出奇制胜？得找一个合适的词。  
    多谢你的解释！这个“出奇制胜”不错。

2. it will not be the last such scheme 也就是说，这不是最后一次，以后还会有这样的scheme，中文没有把这个意思翻出来。
   这里的意思当然不会是最后一次，应该原来的译文也表达了。问题是，如果译成“但它将不是最后一次这样的方案”，为了中文表达，将“一次这样的”去掉，变成“但它将不是最后的方案”，意味着还会有其它方案。 翻译中有些增增减减词语也是非常正常的方法。
   如果一定要翻译出来，请提供一个合适的译文。如果很好，当然我会采用。

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