[2003.11.20] 中国的钢铁产业

引用 contrary 2011-8-12 20:08

猫猫童鞋,我来了~~我要出手点评啦~~
1.Despite the rapid growth of China's private sector and massive investment by foreign firms尽管中国私有企业的迅速发展以及大量的国外投资
尽管中国私有企业发展迅速以及有大量的国外公司投资

2.depends in large part on what it can do with its vast collection of SOEs.绝大部分地取决于如何利用这巨大的国有资金。
很大程度上取决于如何利用这巨大的国有资金。

3.when Beijing first formally embraced private business当北京首次正式地包含私营企业
当北京首次正式地包含私营企业
"包含"有点费解

4.alternative member of the party's elite central committee中央候补委员
中共高层中央委员会的候补委员

5.and over 30 years experience in steel plants以及三十多年从事钢铁产业的经验
以及改成拥有吧,否则上下文不连贯

6.She has been partly helped by a booming market for steel钢铁市场的繁荣部分地帮助了谢企华。
partly在某种程度上

7.is benefiting disproportionately from this rising demand所以宝钢一直不成比例地获得利润
所谓不成比例,我觉得是形容利润很多吧
所以宝钢一直从不断增长的需求中获得异常丰厚的利润.

8.has fewer overmanned factories with rusting equipment 宝钢比较少配置生锈的人员臃肿的工厂
宝钢鲜有人浮于事,设备生锈的工厂

引用 join_soon 2011-8-14 01:46

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magnolia　是上海的市花。

引用 join_soon 2011-8-15 07:44

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China's steel industry
中国的钢铁产业

Steel magnolia
钢铁女强人

A boom in the industry is producing a potential global champion
钢铁业的蓬勃发展锻造潜在的全球之首
Nov 20th 2003 | SHANGHAI | from the print edition


THE new (female) face of Chinese business is 60-year-old Xie Qihua. As the boss of Baosteel, China's biggest steelmaker, Ms Xie is in the vanguard of turning China's vast collection of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) into globally competitive firms. Despite the rapid growth of China's private sector and massive investment by foreign firms, the country's transformation from a socialist backwater into something resembling a capitalist economy still depends in large part on what it can do with its vast collection of SOEs.
中国商业界的新面孔是一位六十岁的女性——谢企华。谢女士作为中国最大的钢铁制造商宝钢的董事长，她带领中国国有企业把资金转向全球富有竞争力的企业之中。尽管中国私有企业的迅速发展以及大量的国外投资，但是中国经济要从停滞不前的社会主义经济向类似资本主义经济的过度，仍然绝大部分地取决于如何利用这巨大的国有资金。

With China's authorities still ambivalent about private involvement in state-owned assets, Ms Xie is a palatable compromise for the political bosses in Beijing. Although she describes herself as “an entrepreneur”, she has little in common with the showy internet and property tycoons that dominate the nightlife and the headlines in Shanghai, where Baosteel is based. Her conservative trouser suit, unmade-up face and cropped hair—a brooch is her only concession to femininity—make the unmarried Ms Xie look like a colourless, safe Communist party apparatchik. But whereas her government connections are clearly first-rate—in 1997, when Beijing first formally embraced private business, she was made an alternative member of the party's elite central committee—her appearance is deceptive. With a degree in civil engineering from Tsinghua, a top university, and over 30 years experience in steel plants, Ms Xie is at heart a technocrat.
由于中国政府对私有企业加入国有资产仍然举棋不定，所以谢女士很巧妙地向北京的政府官员作出让步。虽然她自称是“企业家”，但是她与在宝钢基地的所在地上海的夜生活和经常上头条的卖弄的网络和企业界大亨很不一样。保守的套装，不化妆的面容，一头短发——一枚胸针就是她仅仅表现女性柔和的唯一特征。这样的打扮让未婚的谢女士看起来像一名严肃谨慎的共产党官员。但是，她与政府的关系显然是很好的——1997年时，当北京首次正式地包含私营企业，她被任命中央候补委员——她的冷酷严肃的外表欺骗了大家。谢女士毕业于高等学府清华大学的土木工程专业，以及三十多年从事钢铁产业的经验，她无疑是一位技术统治论者。

As general manager since 1994, and more recently president and chairman too, she has quietly turned Baosteel into the most technologically advanced and efficient steel producer in China. Her goal—self-imposed as much as centrally-mandated—is for the group to become one of Beijing's “global champions”. Thus, it aspires to generate sales of 100 billion yuan ($12 billion)—enough to enter the rank of the world's top 500 companies—by 2005. Ms Xie is confident that she will hit her target two years early.
自从1994年，谢女士担任总经理，到最近升为董事长、总经理，她默默地带领宝钢成为中国技术最先进及高效的钢铁生产商。她的目标——自我促进更多是集中管理——是使集团成为北京的“全球冠军”之一。因此，宝钢立志收入一千亿人民币（即一百二十亿美元），这个数目足够宝钢集团在2005年之前列入世界500强。谢女士很有信心将会提前两年实现她的目标。

She has been partly helped by a booming market for steel. China will consume 257m tonnes of crude steel in 2003—a quarter of the world total—but produce only about 220m. Such rapacious demand has boosted global steel prices. Indeed, thanks to Chinese demand steel prices are on such a strong upward trend that President Bush may soon find himself in a position to abandon, if he so wishes, America's protectionist steel tariffs without causing significant further job losses in his domestic steel industry.
钢铁市场的繁荣部分地帮助了谢企华。中国将在2003年消耗257万吨粗钢（占全世界总额的四分之一），但是仅仅产出220万吨钢。如此大的需求推进了钢铁价格的上涨。的确，由于中国对钢铁的大量需求，导致钢铁的价格一直保持上升的趋势。如果布什总统也认为这种情况会使他处于一个放弃的位置，那么钢铁关税的贸易保护主义者将会助长其国内钢铁业的失业率的提高。

Baosteel, with a capacity of nearly 20m tonnes, is benefiting disproportionately from this rising demand, thanks to its strong position in the fastest-growing markets. It supplies half of the steel used in car factories in China, including the joint ventures involving Volkswagen and General Motors. The group also has a 47% share of the home-appliance market and half of the market for pipelines.
宝钢的生产量接近二十万吨。由于其在迅速发展的市场上仍然占据强劲的地位，所以宝钢一直不成比例地获得利润。宝钢给中国一半的汽车工厂提供钢铁，其中包括大众汽车和通用汽车。这个集团在家电市场中也占有47%的份额，以及在管道运输业占有一半的市场份额。

The credit for a push into more advanced steel, such as automotive sheets and tin for Coke cans, goes to Ms Xie, who continued to invest in them during the lean 1990s. Combined with the lowest cost base in Asia, that has made for impressive financial returns.
二十世纪来临之际，谢女士一如既往地把资金投入到生产更高质量的钢铁上去，例如汽车片材和可乐二拉罐。这笔资金加上在亚洲的最低成本带来了令人钦佩的财政收入。

Baoshan Iron & Steel, the Shanghai-listed subsidiary of Baosteel, with capacity of some 12m tonnes, will generate a pre-tax margin of 21% in 2003, forecasts ING, a bank—unheard of for a steelmaker. World Steel Dynamics, an American research group, ranks the publicly-quoted group third out of the world's top 35 steelmakers, using a combined measure of profitability (cashflow per tonne shipped) and market positioning (a combination of growth, efficiency and quality). Expansion, including building a fourth blast furnace, will raise capacity further by 2005, while adoption of fashionable western management techniques such as “Six Sigma” should boost production quality.
ING，一个钢铁制造商前所未闻的银行预言，宝钢集团的上市子公司——上海宝钢集团（生产量达十二万吨），将会在2003年产生21%的税前利润。美国一个调查组——世界钢铁动态组利用收益率和市场定位相结合的措施，把宝钢集团列入三十五个世界顶尖的钢铁生产商的前三位。宝钢集团的扩张，包括建立四级的高炉，将会在2005年前提高生产量，另外，对西方管理方法（如“六个标准差”）的改良，将会提高其生产质量。

Yet behind all this red-hot progress, there is a dark side to Baosteel—and to SOE reform. Though China talks loudly of its desire to privatise public assets, in reality the state still runs the SOEs. Privatisation Chinese-style consists of putting the best assets into a new company and listing just a fraction of its shares, while the (typically) huge, unlisted, state-owned rump retains the inefficient bits. With estimated revenues of 43 billion yuan, Baosteel's listed company, employing some 15,000 people, accounts for less than half of the group's total. The unquoted rump consists of another seven smaller steel businesses, a trading arm and a motley collection of construction, IT and financial-services operations. This part of the group, in typical SOE fashion, takes care of social obligations, such as the housing, schooling, pension and medical needs of the group's 100,000-plus workers. It is also the holding vehicle for four loss-making steelmakers which the government forced Baosteel to take over in 1997—with the additional proviso that it could fire no more than 10,000 every year of the 180,000 redundant workers it was saddled with.
但是，在这些最新的进步的背后仍然存在黑暗的一面，那就是国有企业的改革。虽然中国大力宣传要把国有资产私有化，但是事实上，国家还是走国有企业的道路。中国式的私营方式包括把最优的资产投入到新公司，但是仅仅把一小部分的份额上市，然而，那大部分的份额，未上市的，国有的部分保持着无效的小份额。据估计收入为430亿的宝钢上市公司，拥有一万五千的职工，占据少于集团总人数的二分之一。未报价的尾数包括另外七个较小的钢铁公司，一个贸易设备以及一个混合的建设集合，例如信息技术和金融服务行业。这部分的集团，以典型的国有企业的形式存在，履行社会职责，例如房屋，学校，退休金和医疗需要超过十万的工人。公共交通业也是如此，政府要求宝钢在1997年接管四个总是亏损的钢铁制造商，并附带条件，那就是每年不能解雇180,000失业工人中的10,000人。

And Baosteel is lucky. As a comparatively new company, founded in 1978, it has fewer overmanned factories with rusting equipment than many of the SOEs that originated in the Mao era. Even so, it needs to clean up the rump, which (reportedly) made a pre-tax margin of barely 2% last year. Ms Xie admits that some of its diversifications, such as a foray into insurance, make little sense.
宝钢集团是幸运的。这个相对比较新的公司，成立于1978年，与在毛主席时代建立的国有企业相比，宝钢比较少配置生锈的人员臃肿的工厂。即使如此，宝钢有必要清除去年税前利润仅仅占2%的残余部分。谢女士承认有一些分散投资，例如对保险的投入，收入是微不足道的。

Yet shedding them will not be easy. Government interference, and the conflicting goals of promoting a free economy and maintaining jobs and social stability, lead to compromised business decisions. While Ms Xie claims that her board is fully independent, her vice chairman is also the firm's Communist party secretary. And Ms Xie still needs official approval for large capital investments, though she says that today she would at least not be forced to buy another bunch of loss-making rivals.
然而清除它们也不是那么容易的。政府的干预，发展自由经济的目标的差异和保持就业和社会稳定，导致折中商业的抉择。谢女士认为她的董事会是完全独立的，【但是】她的副董事也是公司的党支部书记。谢女士仍然认为公司需要政府的支持和大量的投入资金，虽然她说今天至少不用再收购其它亏损的竞争对手了。

Forging ahead
Given all that, Baosteel's progress is remarkable. As the biggest producer in the world's fastest-growing and lowest-cost steel market, the group is a force to be reckoned with—and an attractive partner for foreign firms such as Arcelor, Nippon Steel and ThyssenKrupp that each has a joint venture with it. The group's listed arm is highly profitable and is using its growing resources to expand aggressively abroad: it is currently negotiating to build an $8 billion steel plant in Brazil—its $1.5 billion controlling stake would be one of the biggest foreign investments yet by a Chinese company. But at heart Baosteel is still an SOE, with all the inefficiencies, social obligations and political constraints this implies. Ms Xie has built a strong Chinese firm. But until the state loosens its grip, even China's aspiring global champions will struggle to achieve their potential.
取得进展
目前为止，宝钢取得显著的进步。在这个快速发展和成本最低的钢铁市场中，宝钢是最大的生产者。宝钢是强劲的竞争对手，也是引外国公司注目的合作对手，许多外国公司，例如阿赛洛，新日钢和蒂森克虏伯都是其合资企业。该集团的上市公司获得非常大的收益以及不断利用其资源强有力地向海外扩张。最近宝钢集团正磋商要在巴西建立一个80亿的钢铁工厂——其中15亿为外商资金，是目前中国公司中外商投资的最大份额，但是宝钢的本质是国有企业，这意味着它受低效率，社会责任和政治因素的限制。谢女士建立了一个强大的中国公司。但是中国有抱负实现全球冠军目标的集团会一直为之奋斗，直到国家放松对他们的控制。

引用 Chaton 2011-8-15 09:10

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多谢舒然同学的如此详细的点评啊！我会认真修改的，希望你可以多D黎点评，比意见我啊！

引用 Chaton 2011-8-15 10:02

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With China's authorities still ambivalent about private involvement in state-owned assets, Ms Xie is a palatable compromise for the political bosses in Beijing. Although she describes herself as “an entrepreneur”, she has little in common with the showy internet and property tycoons that dominate the nightlife and the headlines in Shanghai, where Baosteel is based. Her conservative trouser suit, unmade-up face and cropped hair—a brooch is her only concession to femininity—make the unmarried Ms Xie look like a colourless, safe Communist party apparatchik. But whereas her government connections are clearly first-rate—in 1997, when Beijing first formally embraced private business, she was made an alternative member of the party's elite central committee—her appearance is deceptive. With a degree in civil engineering from Tsinghua, a top university, and over 30 years experience in steel plants, Ms Xie is at heart a technocrat.
由于中国政府对私有企业加入国有资产仍然举棋不定，对于在北京的官员来说谢女士是一个观点比较折衷的人。虽然她自称是“企业家”，但是她与在宝钢基地的所在地上海的夜生活和经常上头条的卖弄的网络和企业界大亨很不一样。保守的套装，不化妆的面容，一头短发——一枚胸针就是她仅仅表现女性柔和的唯一特征。这样的打扮让未婚的谢女士看起来像一名严肃谨慎的共产党官员。她与政府的关系显然是很好的——1997年时，当北京首次正式地融入私营企业，她被任命中共高层中央委员会的候补委员——但是，她的冷酷严肃的外表迷惑了大家。谢女士毕业于高等学府清华大学的土木工程专业，拥有三十多年从事钢铁产业的经验，她无疑是一位技术统治论者。
She has been partly helped by a booming market for steel. China will consume 257m tonnes of crude steel in 2003—a quarter of the world total—but produce only about 220m. Such rapacious demand has boosted global steel prices. Indeed, thanks to Chinese demand steel prices are on such a strong upward trend that President Bush may soon find himself in a position to abandon, if he so wishes, America's protectionist steel tariffs without causing significant further job losses in his domestic steel industry.
钢铁市场的繁荣部分地帮助了谢企华。中国将在2003年消耗257万吨粗钢（占全世界总额的四分之一），但是仅仅产出220万吨钢。如此大的需求推进了钢铁价格的上涨。的确，由于中国对钢铁的大量需求，导致钢铁的价格一直保持上升的趋势。如果布什总统也认为这种情况会使他处于一个放任的位置，那么钢铁关税的贸易保护主义者将会提高国内钢铁业的失业率。
Baosteel, with a capacity of nearly 20m tonnes, is benefiting disproportionately from this rising demand, thanks to its strong position in the fastest-growing markets. It supplies half of the steel used in car factories in China, including the joint ventures involving Volkswagen and General Motors. The group also has a 47% share of the home-appliance market and half of the market for pipelines.
宝钢的生产量接近二十万吨。由于其在迅速发展的市场上仍然占据强劲的地位，所以宝钢一直从不断增长的需求中获得异常丰厚的利润。宝钢给中国一半的汽车工厂提供钢铁，其中包括大众汽车和通用汽车。这个集团在家电市场中也占有47%的份额，以及在管道运输业占有一半的市场份额。
Baoshan Iron & Steel, the Shanghai-listed subsidiary of Baosteel, with capacity of some 12m tonnes, will generate a pre-tax margin of 21% in 2003, forecasts ING, a bank—unheard of for a steelmaker. World Steel Dynamics, an American research group, ranks the publicly-quoted group third out of the world's top 35 steelmakers, using a combined measure of profitability (cashflow per tonne shipped) and market positioning (a combination of growth, efficiency and quality). Expansion, including building a fourth blast furnace, will raise capacity further by 2005, while adoption of fashionable western management techniques such as “Six Sigma” should boost production quality.
ING，一个钢铁制造商前所未闻的银行预言，宝钢集团的上市子公司——上海宝钢集团（生产量达十二万吨），将会在2003年产生21%的税前利润。美国一个调查组——世界钢铁动态组利用收益率和市场定位相结合的措施，把宝钢集团列入三十五个世界顶尖的钢铁生产商的前三位。宝钢集团的扩张，包括建立第四个高炉，将会在2005年前提高生产量，另外，对西方管理方法（如“六个标准差”）的改良，将会提高其生产质量。
Yet behind all this red-hot progress, there is a dark side to Baosteel—and to SOE reform. Though China talks loudly of its desire to privatise public assets, in reality the state still runs the SOEs. Privatisation Chinese-style consists of putting the best assets into a new company and listing just a fraction of its shares, while the (typically) huge, unlisted, state-owned rump retains the inefficient bits. With estimated revenues of 43 billion yuan, Baosteel's listed company, employing some 15,000 people, accounts for less than half of the group's total. The unquoted rump consists of another seven smaller steel businesses, a trading arm and a motley collection of construction, IT and financial-services operations. This part of the group, in typical SOE fashion, takes care of social obligations, such as the housing, schooling, pension and medical needs of the group's 100,000-plus workers. It is also the holding vehicle for four loss-making steelmakers which the government forced Baosteel to take over in 1997—with the additional proviso that it could fire no more than 10,000 every year of the 180,000 redundant workers it was saddled with.
但是，在这些最新的进步的背后仍然存在黑暗的一面，那就是国有企业的改革。虽然中国大力宣传要把国有资产私有化，但是事实上，国有企业仍然占主导地位。中国式的私营方式包括把最优的资产投入到新公司，并且仅仅把一小部分的份额上市，然而，那大部分的份额，未上市的，国有的部分保持着不起作用的小份额。据估计收入为430亿的宝钢上市公司，拥有一万五千的职工，占据少于集团总人数的二分之一。未报价的尾数包括另外七个较小的钢铁公司，一个贸易设备以及一个混合的建设集合，例如信息技术和金融服务行业。这部分的集团，以典型的国有企业的形式存在，履行社会职责，例如房屋，学校，退休金和医疗需要超过十万的工人。公共交通业也是如此，政府要求宝钢在1997年接管四个总是亏损的钢铁制造商，并附带条件，那就是每年不能解雇180,000失业工人中的10,000人。
And Baosteel is lucky. As a comparatively new company, founded in 1978, it has fewer overmanned factories with rusting equipment than many of the SOEs that originated in the Mao era. Even so, it needs to clean up the rump, which (reportedly) made a pre-tax margin of barely 2% last year. Ms Xie admits that some of its diversifications, such as a foray into insurance, make little sense.
宝钢集团是幸运的。这个相对比较新的公司，成立于1978年，与在毛主席时代建立的国有企业相比，宝钢鲜有人浮于事,设备生锈的工厂。即使如此，宝钢有必要清除去年税前利润仅仅占2%的残余部分。谢女士承认有一些分散投资，例如对保险的投入，收入是微不足道的。
Yet shedding them will not be easy. Government interference, and the conflicting goals of promoting a free economy and maintaining jobs and social stability, lead to compromised business decisions. While Ms Xie claims that her board is fully independent, her vice chairman is also the firm's Communist party secretary. And Ms Xie still needs official approval for large capital investments, though she says that today she would at least not be forced to buy another bunch of loss-making rivals.
然而清除它们也不是那么容易的。政府的干预，发展自由经济的目标的差异和保持就业和社会稳定，导致折中商业的抉择。谢女士认为她的董事会是完全独立的，她的副董事也是公司的党委书记。谢女士仍然认为公司需要政府大量的资金支持，虽然她说今天至少不用再收购其它亏损的竞争对手了。
Forging ahead
Given all that, Baosteel's progress is remarkable. As the biggest producer in the world's fastest-growing and lowest-cost steel market, the group is a force to be reckoned with—and an attractive partner for foreign firms such as Arcelor, Nippon Steel and ThyssenKrupp that each has a joint venture with it. The group's listed arm is highly profitable and is using its growing resources to expand aggressively abroad: it is currently negotiating to build an $8 billion steel plant in Brazil—its $1.5 billion controlling stake would be one of the biggest foreign investments yet by a Chinese company. But at heart Baosteel is still an SOE, with all the inefficiencies, social obligations and political constraints this implies. Ms Xie has built a strong Chinese firm. But until the state loosens its grip, even China's aspiring global champions will struggle to achieve their potential.
取得进展
目前为止，宝钢取得显著的进步。在这个快速发展和成本最低的钢铁市场中，宝钢是最大的生产者。宝钢是强劲的竞争对手，也是引外国公司注目的合作对手，许多外国公司，例如阿赛洛，新日钢和蒂森克虏伯都是其合资企业。该集团的上市公司获得非常大的收益以及不断利用其资源强有力地向海外扩张。最近宝钢集团正磋商要在巴西建立一个80亿的钢铁工厂——其中15亿为外商控制股，是目前中国公司中外商投资的最大份额，但是宝钢的本质是国有企业，这意味着它受低效率，社会责任和政治因素的限制。谢女士建立了一个强大的中国公司。但是中国有抱负实现全球冠军目标的集团会一直为之奋斗，直到国家放松对他们的控制。

蓝色部分为本人修改的地方，红色部分是不会翻译的地方，请版主给予指导和帮助，谢谢啦！

引用 zwgbm 2011-8-15 19:21

Indeed, thanks to Chinese demand steel prices are on such a strong upward trend that President Bush may soon find himself in a position to abandon, if he so wishes, America's protectionist steel tariffs without causing significant further job losses in his domestic steel industry.
试译：事实上，中国需求强劲导致钢材价格强势上升，布什总统也许很快就会发现，如果他愿意的话，可以取消钢材的关税保护，而不会造成国内钢铁行业失业大幅增多。

引用 zwgbm 2011-8-15 19:22

with the additional proviso that it could fire no more than 10,000 every year of the 180,000 redundant workers it was saddled with
还有一个附加条件，现在拥有的180000冗余员工中，每年解雇的数额不能超过10000人。

引用 zwgbm 2011-8-15 19:24

But until the state loosens its grip, even China's aspiring global champions will struggle to achieve their potential.
然而除非国家放松对它的控制，不然中国雄心勃勃的全球冠军企业（宝钢）将很难发挥它的潜能。

引用 zhangyange 2011-8-16 16:55

20m tonnes   显然是2000万吨，20万吨的话，中国的一个小县城的钢铁厂都差不多是这个产量了。

引用 紫鹃618 2011-8-16 18:08

数字的确有错误。鄙人认为257m tonnes 应为2.57亿公吨，220m 应为2.2亿，20m tonnes 同楼上为2000万吨，12m同理为1200万吨

引用 JECASGENIUS 2011-8-16 21:54

liao bu qi

引用 Chaton 2011-8-17 10:13

回复 紫鹃618 的帖子

非常感谢你的点评，我会改正的。

引用 Chaton 2011-8-17 10:13

回复 JECASGENIUS 的帖子

引用 Chaton 2011-8-17 10:15

回复 zhangyange 的帖子

是的 非常感谢你宝贵的意见 我会改正的

引用 Chaton 2011-8-17 10:16

回复 zwgbm 的帖子

非常感谢你宝贵的建议！！

引用 iam60cemt 2011-8-17 16:13

But until the state loosens its grip, even China's aspiring global champions will struggle to achieve their potential. 个人觉得potential没翻出来，应该翻成潜力，而不是目标，也就是说，在政府对他们的控制削弱前，根据上下文，个人觉得China's aspiring global champions 应该指的就是宝钢，是说他们会努力挖掘他们的潜能的意思，而不是为了称霸世界奋斗

引用 Chaton 2011-8-18 09:44

回复 iam60cemt 的帖子

非常感谢你宝贵的意见

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