1、Holy See 圣座（英语：Holy See），是罗马主教（即众所周知的教宗或教廷）的主教职权（英语：episcopal jurisdiction），也是罗马天主教会内超乎众教座之上的主教教座。就此，从外交上和其他方面而言，圣座之言行代表了整个天主教会。它也被国际法的其他主体视为主权实体，由教宗领导，可与其缔结外交关系。 圣座不同于梵蒂冈城国（英语：Vatican City State），后者迟至1929年方才出现，而圣座的历史可远溯至基督教发展早期。各国大使不是被梵蒂冈城国而是被“圣座”所接受；圣座向各国和国际组织派出的使节也都是代表圣座而非所谓梵蒂冈城国。 罗马教廷作为圣座的行政机关，为罗马天主教会的运行和达到其目标而不断进行协调并提供所需的组织保障
The Pope (from Latin : papa ; from Greek : πάππας (pappas), a child's word for father ) is the Bishop of Rome , a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Roman Catholic Church (which is composed of the Latin Rite and the Eastern Catholic Churches in full communion with the see of Rome). In the Roman Catholic Church , the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter , the Apostle. The current office-holder is Pope Benedict XVI(教皇本笃十六世), who was elected in a papal conclave on 19 April 2005
4、bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight.
China and the Vatican
Your billion or ours? 宗教事务谁做主？
An abrupt halt to rapprochement between two giant slices of humanity 世界两大人群间的友善气氛戛然而止
Aug 20th 2011 | from the print edition
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ONLY a year ago, a great diplomatic breakthrough—the exchange of ambassadors between the world’s largest church and the world’s most populous country—seemed to be in the offing. Now the mood between China and the Holy See is as bad as it has been for half a century.
On July 14th China’s state-backed Catholic hierarchy, which the Vatican does not recognise, held a three-hour ceremony to consecrate a bishop in the city of Shantou. This was the third time in eight months that a hierarch had been elevated in defiance of the pope. What gave the latest rite a nasty taste was the reported abduction by police of four Rome-aligned bishops who were then pressed to take part in the ceremony. One dissident bishop was “seen sobbing as he was dragged” from home, according to AsiaNews, a Vatican-linked news service.
Chinese Catholics, who may number up to 12m, are split between adherents of a state-run church and those loyal to the Holy See. The big dispute is over who can name bishops. Recently, a grey area between the camps had emerged, with many prelates recognised by both sides. In 2007 Pope Benedict XVI offered an olive branch by recognising the legitimacy of the Chinese state and stopping the unilateral naming of bishops.
But the Vatican has reacted to this summer’s events by declaring that the new bishop and another promoted in similar circumstances in June were ipso facto excommunicated. China’s religious-affairs agency called the Vatican’s move “unreasonable and rude” given the “ardent Catholic faith” of the new bishops.
To some people in, or close to, the Vatican, the mess will confirm reservations they already had about rushing into formal ties with China. George Weigel, an influential American Catholic, wants the pope to keep pressing for religious liberty, including the right to name bishops, before exchanging envoys with Beijing. In his view, cutting ties with democratic Taiwan could pose “grave questions” about the church’s stance on human rights. Among Vatican diplomats, too, there are hawks and doves on the China issue. What the church lacks, says Marco Ventura, an Italian writer on religion, is the strategic vision that guided its diplomacy in the cold war.
What gave the latest rite a nasty taste was the reported abduction by police of four Rome-aligned bishops who were then pressed to take part in the ceremony. One dissident bishop was “seen sobbing as he was dragged” from home, according to AsiaNews, a Vatican-linked news service.
ONLY a year ago, a great diplomatic breakthrough—the exchange of ambassadors between the world’s largest church and the world’s most populous country—seemed to be in the offing. Now the mood between China and the Holy See is as bad as it has been for half a century.
翻译中“世界上最大的教派罗马教廷”似有不妥，梵蒂冈是拥有世界上最大的教堂圣彼得教堂，世界上最大的教派应该不是罗马教廷（这似乎不算一个教派），这方面我也不是很懂，所以谷歌了一下，这是wiki的Holy See结果：
Although it is often referred to by the term "the Vatican", the Holy See is not the same entity as the Vatican City State, which came into existence only in 1929, while the Holy See, the episcopal see of Rome, dates back to early Christian times. Ambassadors are officially accredited not to the Vatican City State but to "the Holy See", and papal representatives to states and international organizations are recognized as representing the Holy See, not the Vatican City State.……
The website of the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office speaks of Vatican City as the "capital" of the Holy See, although it compares the legal personality of the Holy See to that of the Crown in Christian monarchies and declares that the Holy See and the state of Vatican City are two international identities.
In 2007 Pope Benedict XVI offered an olive branch by recognising the legitimacy of the Chinese state and stopping the unilateral naming of bishops.
2007年，教皇本笃十六世已经向中国抛出橄榄枝，他肯定了中国的合法地位，并认为应停止双方同时任命主教的行为。
China’s religious-affairs agency called the Vatican’s move “unreasonable and rude” given the “ardent Catholic faith” of the new bishops.
中国的宗教事务机构称考虑到两位新主教“对天主教的忠诚信仰”，罗马教廷的行为实在“粗暴而无法理喻”。
What the church lacks, says Marco Ventura, an Italian writer on religion, is the strategic vision that guided its diplomacy in the cold war.
原译：意大利宗教作家马可•文多拉说，罗马教廷缺乏战略眼光来指导外交冷战。
个人觉得楼主理解错了。
Chinese Catholics, who may number up to 12m, are split between adherents of a state-run church and those loyal to the Holy See.
split between这里没有势不两立的意思吧！
个人觉得只是说分成了两派而已。
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