[2011.09.17] 日本能源问题：妙招告急

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-22 14:11

看这篇文章没人翻译呢~就自作主张翻了~
请译友们不吝赐教！

引用 renjie 2011-9-22 15:02

Energy in Japan日本能源问题
Bright ideas needed
妙招告急
Japan’s power monopolies raise costs and stifle innovation
日本能源垄断企业——拽高成本，扼杀创新

THE corridors were dark, the air uncomfortably hot. The lights at the headquarters of the Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) were largely switched off; the air-conditioners were turned down. Even the chief executive, Toshio Nishizawa, had removed his tie for an interview on September 5th. In normal times, that would be a glaring breach of Japanese corporate etiquette, but these are not normal times.
走廊伸手不见十指，空气燥热难忍。东京电力总公司，几乎没几盏灯亮着，空调冷气也已人为调小。9月5日接受采访时，东电首席执行官Toshio Nishizawa甚至都未系领带。这要放在平时，显然就是公然违背日本公司礼仪。但如今绝非“平时”。（但现在此乃非常时刻）
(1、不知道东京电力总公司与电力公司总部有无差异，没查过 存疑吧。2、空调冷气也已人为调小。“人为”多余)

Since the earthquake and tsunami of March 11th, most nuclear reactors in Japan have been shut down for maintenance and not restarted: 43 out of 54 remain idle. There has been a national drive for setsuden (conserving energy). TEPCO must be seen to share the pain.
3月11日地震海啸袭来，随后日本关闭大部分核反应堆，展开修缮维护工作。这些反应堆尚未重新启用，54座反应堆中有43座仍然闲置。日本全国上下曾掀起“能源节约”热潮，东电必须做出样子，分担苦痛。
（日本关闭大部分核反应堆，展开修缮维护工作。这些反应堆尚未重新启用。似乎改一下更顺：日本大部分核反应堆都因维护原因关停，尚未重启使用）

The company is staggeringly unpopular. One of its nuclear plants at Fukushima was damaged on March 11th. In the crucial hours after the tsunami, TEPCO failed to add water to cool the reactor cores. It was unable to restore steady back-up power until days later and inexplicably delayed venting a build-up of pressure that eventually led to hydrogen explosions.
如今，东电极不受待见。3月11日的灾难摧毁了东电福岛核电站中的一座。海啸退去关键的几个小时内，东电未能向反应堆核心注水降温。而且直到灾难爆发数天之后，东电才恢复稳定的备用电源。再者，东电迟迟未释放反应堆内激增的巨大压力，最终导致了氢爆炸，真叫人无法理解。
（1、“极不受待见”在语域上有些扎眼，呵呵，建议换换；2、“3月11日的灾难摧毁了东电福岛核电站中的一座”：3月11日的灾难中，东电在福岛的一座核电站被毁）

As if that were not bad enough, TEPCO withheld information from everyone, including the then prime minister, Naoto Kan, who stormed into its headquarters yelling: “What the hell is going on?” A meltdown began several hours after the tsunami struck, but wasn’t officially disclosed until nine weeks later. “We have lost trust,” admits Mr Nishizawa. Regaining it will take “a long, long time”, he adds.
东电貌似觉得这还不够惨，竟而还对外封锁消息，连时任首相菅直人都被蒙在鼓里，菅直人冲进东电总部吼道：“到底怎么回事？”海啸来袭数小时之后，反应堆炉心就已融毁，但直到9个礼拜后东电才正式披露消息。Toshio Nishizawa也承认东电已失去公众信任，并表示重获信任，绝不是一朝一夕的事情。
(最后一句是直接引用，加上引号改回第一人称会好些)

Asked whether the reactor was damaged by the quake itself (as distinct from the tsunami that followed it), Mr Nishizawa says it is unclear: we must wait for a report in November. This question matters. If the reactors in quake-prone Japan are not quake-proof, nuclear power may not be safe. An official at a nuclear regulator says there is evidence that the quake did indeed damage the reactor.
对于‘地震是否为摧毁反应堆元凶’这个问题（与随后的海啸损害不同），Toshio Nishizawa的回答是“不清楚”，说要等到11月报告出台后，方才清楚。地震是不是元凶这个问题至关重要。日本这么一个地震频发的国家，倘若反应堆不抗震，那么核能也许就不安全。核能监管部门的一名官员表示，有证据表明的确是地震摧毁了反应堆。

Since the disaster, Japanese people have made heroic efforts to save energy. Households snuffed out lights and unplugged their heated toilet seats. Big companies reduced their energy use by 15% (on pain of fines). Many began the workday earlier or switched to night shifts. The car industry took Thursdays and Fridays off and toiled at weekends, when electricity demand is lower. In TEPCO’s region (around Tokyo), peak usage fell to 49 gigawatts, from 60 gigawatts last year. Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred. On September 9th, as the summer’s heat faded, the government announced an end to setsuden.
灾难过后,日本民众做出巨大努力节省能源。家家户户熄掉电灯，关掉便桶加热器。大公司纷纷砍掉了15%的能耗（震慑于罚款）。不少日本人要么工作日早早起床工作，要么转而倒夜班。由于周末电力需求不那么紧张，汽车工业周四周五停工，周六周日苦干。今年，东电辖区（东京地区）的高峰用电量从去年同期的60千兆瓦下降到49千兆瓦。全民皆期盼政府实施灯火管制，但是管制从未驾临。9月9日，鉴于酷暑散去，日本政府宣布“能源节约”告一段落。


Yet Japan’s energy problems are far from resolved. If the nuclear freeze lasts for a year, it will cut GDP by an estimated 3.6% and destroy almost 200,000 jobs. Meanwhile, three-fifths of the public say they have little confidence in nuclear power.
然而，日本能源危机还远远没有解决。倘若到明年3月，核能仍未能重启的话，据预计，GDP将会因此下滑3.6%，20万工作岗位也会随之灰飞烟灭。与此同时，3/5的民众对核能没什么信心。
（据预计：改为“预计”或者“据估计”，另外“岗位灰飞烟灭”也怪怪的）

Japan needs a robust and diverse energy industry. Instead it has ten regional monopolies (TEPCO is one), which hog 97% of the market for electricity generation and transmission. Residential consumers pay nearly twice as much as Americans and three times as much as South Koreans (see chart). After modest deregulation began for big commercial users a decade ago, prices plummeted by 16% between 1999 and 2005. Yet lacking political support, the reforms went into reverse.
日本需要一个强劲而又多元化的能源产业。但事与愿违，却崛起了10家区域垄断电力集团（东京电力公司是其中之一），他们（它们）把持着全国97%的发电输电市场份额。日本家庭用户上缴的电费几乎是美国人的2倍，韩国人的3倍（见图表）。十年前，政府开始实施针对大型商业用户的供电适度宽松政策，使得电价在1999到2005年间下滑了16%。然而由于缺少政治支持，供电改革走上回头路。


Electricity prices are high because the monopolies have little incentive to cut costs. On the contrary, their profit margins are fixed by the government, so if they inflate their costs, they boost their income. At the same time, the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate, giving them no incentive to run appliances during off-peak hours. Alternative energy gets short shrift. Although Japanese firms are leaders in green technologies such as wind, solar and geothermal, these sources account for only 1% of all power generation.
电价高昂是因为垄断商们没什么理由削减成本。而恰恰相反，由于政府规定死了电力公司的利润率，所以他们一旦抬高成本，盈利就会随之增加。同时电力公司按时计价收取家庭用户电费，因此，即使是非高峰时段，用户也没理由狂用家电。替代能源也不受待见。虽说日本企业在风能，太阳能和地热能等绿色能源产业上处于领先地位，但绿色能源发电也只占总发电量的1%。

TEPCO’s influence is vast. It supports politicians from one party; its union supports their rivals. It finances academic research on energy. It takes hacks on junkets. And last year it spent ¥26 billion ($339m) on advertising and promotion—a fortune for a firm with no serious competitors.
东电有着巨大的影响力。集团支持一党政客，工会则支持其竞争对手。（这句话不好理解啊，their指的是谁？）东电为学术能源研究买单,并且还黑客袭击公费旅游（这是“从公费理由中携油”的意思吗？）。去年，东电又花费260亿日元（约合3.39亿美元）做宣传，打广告。没有强劲竞争对手的东电却耗费了这么一笔巨款。

Reformers urge the break-up of Japan’s power monopolies. Separating generation from transmission and opening the door to new entrants would raise efficiency and reduce costs. However, Keidanren, the lobby for big business, opposes deregulation on the ground that TEPCO and its ilk ensure a stable supply of electricity. Several Keidanren members sell parts and services to the power monopolies, and receive steep discounts on the power they use.
革新人士敦促打日本打破能源垄断局势。发电与输电分开经营，打开大门欢迎新成员入驻电力产业，都能提高效率并降低成本。然而，大企业游说团体（Keidanren）却反对放宽管制，他们的理由是东电及其同行能够确保供电稳定。Keidanren的几个会员是电力垄断集团的零件及服务供给商，同时他们也享受着巨大的电价折扣。


Many politicians believe that TEPCO must be preserved so it can compensate the victims of the nuclear accident at Fukushima. A law governing compensation was approved by the Diet on August 3rd. It creates a mechanism to collect funds from TEPCO and other power firms but fails to specify how the costs will be shared. On September 12th TEPCO sent out forms for evacuees to fill in. These are 60 pages long.
不少政客认为东电不能倒台，因为福岛核事故受害者还等着她赔偿呢。日本议会于8月3日通过了赔偿法案，该法案提出向东电及其它电力公司筹资，但却未指明各方承担多少赔偿份额。9月12日，东电分发表格供撤离人员填写，这些表格长达60页。

The new government of Yoshihiko Noda wants to reduce Japan’s reliance on nuclear power in the medium term, but hopes to restart idle reactors in the meantime. Without cheap, reliable power, businesses may move abroad.
野田佳彦新政府打算在中期时间之内（这里应该指的是他的任期的中间阶段），降低日本对核能的依赖，但同时，他们也希望重启闲置反应堆。如若没有廉价可靠的电力供应，许多企业可能会迁往国外。

New firms are clamouring to enter the energy business. Masayoshi Son, a wireless tycoon, plans to build huge solar-power stations and a new grid to connect Japanese prefectures. But the regulatory process is a nightmare, he says. A new law on green energy gives few clues as to how new producers can sell power to the grid, or whether the incumbents have to buy it. Not even an earthquake, it seems, can shake the monopolists’ grip.
新企业吵着要开进能源产业。无线巨头Masayoshi Son打算兴建大型太阳能发电站，并计划新开通一条输电网，连通日本各郡县。【日本行政区划分为1都东京都：（Tokyo）、1道（北海道：Hokkaido）、2府（大阪府：Osaka、京都府：Kyoto）和43县（省），下设市、町、村。并无“郡”】但他表示，规章程序好比噩梦一场。新出台的绿色能源法案几乎未说明，新发电商通过何种渠道向电网出售电力，也未说明现在的电力供应企业是否要购买新能源电力。似乎即便是地震也无法撼动垄断集团的铁爪。

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-22 15:09

renjie 发表于 2011-9-22 15:02
Energy in Japan日本能源问题
Bright ideas needed
妙招告急

感谢亲爱哒小任！
Their我理解是指politicians~
medium term我开始跟你理解的一样~但是在字典里没有查到依据，所以没有那么翻~
总公司之前翻译的是总部，发上来的一分钟之前改滴~我再思量一下，哈哈。。
其他地方吸取！
谢谢！

引用 echo.chan 2011-9-22 15:47

走廊伸手不见十指
看到这句我就忍俊不禁，想象你在黑暗中伸出叉开的十指的样子......

几乎没几盏灯亮着
我认为应该突出是“人为地主动地”关掉大部分灯这个意思

但现在此乃非常时刻---意思重复

share the pain  分担苦痛
节能造成诸多不便，“苦痛”的话，太过

As if that were not bad enough 惨---我想换成“糟糕”

Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred
原译：全民皆期盼政府实施灯火管制，但是管制从未驾临
blackout：
1.a period of darkness caused by an electrical power failure
2.a situation when the government or the police will not allow any news or information on a particular subject to be given to the public: The government imposed a news blackout during the crisis.
3.(especially BrE) a period of time during a war when all lights must be put out or covered at night, so that they cannot be seen by an enemy attacking by air: It used to take hours to travel home in the blackout.
4.[usually pl.] (BrE) a covering for windows that stops light being seen from outside, or light from outside from coming into a room
5.a temporary loss of consciousness, sight or memory: She had a blackout and couldn't remember anything about the accident.
这里理解不同：居民们原以为在这样的条件下，停电很正常，所以做好了准备，但是居然没发生。

引用 echo.chan 2011-9-22 16:15

have little incentive to cut costs
“理由"还是有大把的

the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate, giving them no incentive to run appliances during off-peak hours.
原译：同时电力公司按时计价收取家庭用户电费，因此，即使是非高峰时段，用户也没理由狂用家电
这句我有点纠结，用户在非高峰期不狂用家电和整段有什么逻辑关系？如果是按时收费，那每个时间段付的钱一样，用户自然有事没事都开着反正都算钱了。
flat rate ：统一费率
这句还是讲为什么电费居高不下的原因，them不是指居民吧？

It takes hacks on junkets.
原译： 并且还黑客袭击公费旅游
是你typing error?不可能理解错了，这个短句
hack：a politician who belongs to a small clique that controls a political party for private rather than public ends

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-22 16:42

echo.chan 发表于 2011-9-22 16:15
have little incentive to cut costs
“理由"还是有大把的

flat rate 还有按时定价的意思~
them应该是指用户~用户使用电器什么时候都一样~因为按时定价~没有高峰时段低峰时段之分~

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-22 16:43

echo.chan 发表于 2011-9-22 16:15
have little incentive to cut costs
“理由"还是有大把的

It takes hacks on junkets.
没理解姐姐的意思
hack没有查到那个意思啊！

引用 mylta 2011-9-22 20:47

本帖最后由 mylta 于 2011-9-22 20:48 编辑

Japan’s power monopolies
日本能源垄断企业
日本的电力垄断

the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate, giving them no incentive to run appliances during off-peak hours
同时电力公司按时计价收取家庭用户电费，因此，即使是非高峰时段，用户也没理由狂用家电。
因为电力公司按统一电价（而不是按分时电价）收取家庭用户电费，用户们也就没有将家用电器改在非高峰时段使用的动力。

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-22 21:33

mylta 发表于 2011-9-22 20:47
Japan’s power monopolies
日本能源垄断企业
日本的电力垄断

1 mononpolies 是名词~值得是诸如东电一类的垄断企业
2 这个词组有按时定价的意思
因为按时定价，所以高峰时期和低峰时期电价是一样的~所以没必要低峰时期使劲儿用电器，因为跟高峰时的花费一样~

引用 skittos 2011-9-23 04:06

本帖最后由 skittos 于 2011-9-23 04:17 编辑

!
Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred.
人人都做好了大面积停电的准备，却多虑了。
--------------------------------------------------------
人们都以为会遭遇多次停电，但却一次也没遇上。

It takes hacks on junkets.
资助低层官员公费旅游.
--------------------------------
hacks 本身官位不一定低，只是其责任无足轻重，比如董事会的义务成员，但投票时还少不了他们。
资助无足轻重的官员们公费旅游.

引用 Louis_Sheng 2011-9-23 07:28

本帖最后由 Louis_Sheng 于 2011-9-23 07:50 编辑

我觉得菅直人既然变成了中文，其他人名也改过来较好

Toshio Nishizawa ---- 西泽俊夫（东电新任社长）

However, Keidanren, the lobby for big business, opposes deregulation on the ground that TEPCO and its ilk ensure a stable supply of electricity.
然而，大企业游说团体（Keidanren）却反对放宽管制，他们的理由是东电及其同行能够确保供电稳定。

Keidanren=日本经济团体联合会，简称经团连（就是Keidanren），以东京证交所一部上市企业为核心构建的
Lobby=我看到有个解释叫院外(Lobby)集团，游说的意思应该是从这里引申出来的。

Masayoshi Son ----孙正义(Softbank的创始人，购并Vodafone以后涉足手机行业，日本的iphone就是Vodafone代理的)

引用 Zoro 2011-9-23 12:38

看完了，裙子姐（能这么喊吗？）翻译的不错噢，前面也有各大神帮忙指点了，我就顶一个吧。

引用 林木木 2011-9-23 14:43

本帖最后由 林木木 于 2011-9-23 15:02 编辑

文章译得真的很好，榜样啊，
呵呵，不多赞美了，提点意见~

不是伸手不见五指么？不过伸手不见十指诶，太可爱了……

What the hell is going on
要不要把hell翻译出来呢？

The car industry took Thursdays and Fridays off and toiled at weekends, when electricity demand is lower.
由于周末电力需求不那么紧张，汽车工业周四周五停工，周六周日苦干。
汽车工业周四周五停工，等到周末电力不那么紧张的时候苦干。

Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred.
人人都做好了大面积停电的准备，却多虑了。
人们都认为会发生大面积停电，却一次都没发生

If the nuclear freeze lasts for a year, it will cut GDP by an estimated 3.6% and destroy almost 200,000 jobs.
倘若到明年3月，核能仍未能重启的话，预计，GDP将会因此下滑3.6%，20万工作岗位也会随之灰飞烟灭。
个人感觉这句话都好过多撒~
倘若到明年3月核能仍未能重启的话，预计GDP将会因此下滑3.6%，20万工作岗位也会随之灰飞烟灭。这样就可以吧？
另外最后一句想问下如果翻译成：近20万人下岗，是不是也可以呢？

Instead it has ten regional monopolies
却崛起了10家区域垄断电力集团
应该是本身就有了吧？用崛起是不是有些不合适呢？

It takes hacks on junkets
资助低层官员公费旅游
底层员工

无线巨头
让我想起了天线宝宝……
开个玩笑

新出台的绿色能源法案几乎未说明，新发电商通过何种渠道向电网出售电力，也未说明现在的电力供应企业是否要购买新能源电力。
新出台的绿色能源法案几乎未说明新发电商通过何种渠道向电网出售电力，也未说明现在的电力供应企业是否要购买新能源电力。

再说下，版主翻译得很生动很生动很生动……
陷入完全纠结、望尘莫及的木木如是说说说……

引用 lanyuer1987 2011-9-23 20:45

裙子，the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate ," flat rate"我查的是统一价格 统一费率”
所以翻译成：同时电力公司按统一价格收取家庭用户电费  是不是更好啊

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-23 23:04

lanyuer1987 发表于 2011-9-23 20:45
裙子，the utilities charge residential consumers a flat rate ," flat rate"我查的是统一价格 统一费率 ...

我觉得这里不太可能是统一定价的意思~
flat rate也有按时定价的意思~

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-23 23:14

skittos 发表于 2011-9-23 04:06
!
Everyone expected blackouts; none occurred.
人人都做好了大面积停电的准备，却多虑了。

谢谢姐姐！！
刚开始只知道hack是黑客的意思~
经过echo chen姐姐滴指正才知道有无足重轻的官员的意思~
但是还是对这个词把握不好~
谢谢姐姐指点！现在明白肿么处理啦！

引用 Meryl裙子 2011-9-23 23:21

林木木 发表于 2011-9-23 14:43
文章译得真的很好，榜样啊，
呵呵，不多赞美了，提点意见~

谢谢木木！！
我中文水平欠佳~
我都不知道肿么搞的就弄成伸手不见十指了！哈哈哈。。。
真心觉得自己差好远！汉译英就更差了！
木木，一起加油呀！！

引用 Louis_Sheng 2011-9-23 23:41

本帖最后由 Louis_Sheng 于 2011-9-23 23:42 编辑

Meryl裙子 发表于 2011-9-23 23:04
我觉得这里不太可能是统一定价的意思~
flat rate也有按时定价的意思~

个人意见，按时定价的理解等同于固定每小时收费多少，用在这里不太妥当。

事实上，任何一个地方电费都是按照消耗掉的千瓦时来衡量的，按时定价的话岂不是消耗越多越划算？反正每小时收取的电费固定的，甩开膀子用就是了。

文中要表达的意思是日夜使用均一价格，没有高峰低谷之差（国内的日夜电费是不同的）。我觉得均一价格，或者统一费率比较合适。

引用 林木木 2011-9-24 06:24

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不用客气撒~
大家一起进步，争取都能成功哈~
加油↖(^ω^)↗

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