[2013.04.27] 无业的青春

引用 darcher 2013-4-27 18:39

字体有问题。。

引用 Dezazer 2013-4-28 00:22

注意发帖格式！！

引用 pwj182000 2013-4-28 10:20

本帖最后由 pwj182000 于 2013-4-28 10:23 编辑

A clutch of academic papers, based mainly on American statistics, shows that people who begin their careers without work are likely to have lower wages and greater odds of future joblessness than those who don’t. A wage penalty of up to 20%, lasting for around 20 years, is common. The scarring seems to worsen fast with the length of joblessness and is handed down to the next generation, too.

一些主要基于美国统计数据的学术论文称，在职业生涯初期没有工作的人同那有工作的人相比，其工资可能会更低，将来失业的几率更大。高达20%的工资罚款持续了近20年，已是司空见惯。这个创伤随着失业的时间长度似乎在迅速恶化，将会遗留给下一代人。

……许多在职业初期失业的人在随后近20年时间里工资最多可以和职业初期未失业的人相比低20%。……
工资罚款太直译了～～

that young people who joined the labour force during a recession fared systematically worse as adults.

在经济衰退期间成为劳动力的青年人和成年人一样境遇窘迫恶化。

这里的as是作为的意思：在经济衰退期间加入劳动力的青年人成年后到境遇一般较差。

引用 ChungKinSun 2013-4-28 13:06

引用 bettyxjs 2013-4-28 15:47

楼主，我也翻的这一篇，但感觉你的文笔更流畅！
要多向你学习！
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-186070-1-1.html
请指正。

几点建议：
1.        他不得不去当地位于巴黎市郊的塞夫朗市的雇佣中心签约申请救济。
建议：employment center译为“就业中心”更合适吧？
他不得不去当地位于巴黎市郊的塞夫朗市，在那里的就业中心登记申请救济。
2.        该组织的一名顾问帮助DreamWorker提升她的面试技巧。
改：该组织的一名顾问帮助Nokhona提升面试技巧。
3.        觉得inactive译为 不活跃 比 不活动 还一点。
4.        intergovernmental 政府间，不是跨政府。
5.        spare part 零配件，不是多余零件

引用 塞万提斯的游侠 2013-4-28 16:54

我把我翻译的也贴出来吧。

Around the world almost 300m 15- to 24-year-olds are not working. What has caused this epidemic of joblessness? And what can abate it?
全球大约有3亿15至24岁的青年没有工作。这场失业瘟疫缘何而起，又该如何治疗？

HELDER PEREIRA is a young man with no work and few prospects: a 21-year-old who failed to graduate from high school and lost his job on a building site four months ago. With his savings about to run out, he has come to his local employment centre in the Paris suburb of Sevran to sign on for benefits and to get help finding something to do. He’ll get the cash. Work is another matter. Youth unemployment in Sevran is over 40%.
海尔得•佩雷拉 是一位前途暗淡的无业青年：他今年21岁，高中没毕业，几4个月前还从建筑工地失业了。眼看积蓄就要花完了，他来到了位于巴黎郊区的塞夫朗市的就业中心登记领取救济金，并且试图找到一份工作。他可以拿到现金，但工作就另当别论了。塞夫朗市的青年失业率超过了40%。
A continent away in Athlone, a gritty Cape Town suburb, Nokhona, a young South African mother of two, lacks a “matric” or high-school qualification, and has been out of work since October 2010, when her contract as a cleaner in a coffee shop expired. She hopes for a job as a maid, and has sought help from DreamWorker, a charity that tries to place young jobseekers in work. A counsellor helps Nokhona brush up her interview skills. But the jobless rate among young black South Africans is probably around 55%.
在一大洲之隔的开普敦郊区阿斯隆，常年多沙，诺柯娜是两个孩子的年轻母亲，一位年轻母亲，有两个孩子，由于缺少一份“入学许可”或者说是高中学力证明，2010年10月当她在咖啡馆当清洁工的合同到期后，就开始失业了。她希望找到一份作为女佣的工作，并已经向梦想工作者（Dreamworker）组织求助，这是一个试图帮助年轻求职者的慈善机构于是找到帮助失业青年的慈善组织-梦想工作者（Dreamworker）求助。一位辅导员帮助诺柯娜提高了面试技巧，然而，南非黑人的失业率大概为55%左右。


Official figures assembled by the International Labour Organisation say that 75m young people are unemployed, or 6% of all 15- to 24-year-olds. But going by youth inactivity, which includes all those who are neither in work nor education, things look even worse. The OECD, an intergovernmental think-tank, counts 26m young people in the rich world as “NEETS”: not in employment, education or training. A World Bank database compiled from households shows more than 260m young people in developing economies are similarly “inactive”. The Economist calculates that, all told, almost 290m are neither working nor studying: almost a quarter of the planet’s youth (see chart one).
国际劳工组织统计的官方数据表明有7500万年轻人失业，占所有15至24岁年轻人的6%。如果算上无事可干的青年，就是既不工作也不在学校的人，事情可能更糟。经合组织（OECD，一个国际性政府智囊团，认为在富裕国家有2千6百万尼特族年轻人：他们既不就业、也不在校学习，还不接受技能培训。世界银行从各家各户收集整理的数据表明，超过2亿6千万发展中经济体的年轻人“无事可干”。经济学人杂志估计，大概2亿9千万年轻人既不在工作也不在学习，这个数字几乎是世界上所有年轻人的四分之一。
If the figures did not include young women in countries where they are rarely part of the workforce, the rate would be lower; South Asian women account for over a quarter of the world’s inactive youth, though in much of the rich world young women are doing better in the labour force than men.
在某些国家年轻女性极少成为劳动力，如果不算她们，这个比例会低一些；全世界的无事青年中，南亚女性占了四分之一以上，尽管不过在许多富裕国家中，年轻女性在工作中比男性要做得好。
On the other hand, many of the “employed” young have only informal and intermittent jobs. In rich countries more than a third, on average, are on temporary contracts which make it hard to gain skills. In poorer ones, according to the World Bank, a fifth are unpaid family labourers or work in the informal economy. All in all, nearly half of the world’s young people are either outside the formal economy or contributing less productively than they could.
另一方面，许多“就业”青年仅仅是拥有非正式和见习性工作。平均下来，在富裕国家中，三分之一以上的人是临时职工，这使得他们很难提升职业技能。据世界银行统计，在贫穷国家中，五分之一的人要么是没有报酬的家庭劳工，要么是非正式职工。总之，世界上半数左右的年轻人要门要么没有正式工作，要么创造的价值比他们本可以创造的要少。


Young people have long had a raw deal in the labour market. Two things make the problem more pressing now. The financial crisis and its aftermath had an unusually big effect on them. Many employers sack the newest hires first, so a recession raises youth joblessness disproportionately. In Greece and Spain over a sixth of the young population are without a job (see chart two). The number of young people out of work in the OECD is almost a third higher than in 2007.
年轻长时间以来在劳动市场上就处于不平等地位。现在两件事情使这个问题显得更紧迫了。经济危机及其后果对年轻人造成了极大的影响的冲击尤为巨大。许多雇主起初雇佣了一大批会首先解雇新的员工，后来，经济衰退就不成比例地大幅提升了青年人的失业率。在希腊和西班牙，超过六分之一的年轻人没有工作。经合组织的国家中，失业年轻人的数量比2007年增加了三分之一还多。
Second, the emerging economies that have the largest and fastest-growing populations of young people also have the worst-run labour markets. Almost half of the world’s young people live in South Asia, the Middle East and Africa. They also have the highest share of young people out of work or in the informal sector. The population of 15- to 24-year-olds in Africa is expected to rise by more than a third, to 275m, by 2025.
第二，新兴经济体国家有最庞大以及速度增长最快的年轻人群体，但同时也有管理最糟糕的劳动力市场。世界上一半以上的年轻人生活在南亚、中东和非洲。同时，他们在失业或者在非正式部门的年轻人中占的比例最高。到2025年，非洲15岁至24岁的年轻人有望增加三分之一以上，达到2亿7千5百万人。
In rich countries with generous welfare states this imposes a heavy burden on taxpayers. One estimate suggests that, in 2011, the economic loss from disengaged young people in Europe amounted to $153 billion, or more than 1% of GDP. And failure to employ the young not only lowers growth today. It also threatens it tomorrow.
在那些高福利的富裕国家，这种现状导致负税人沉重的负担。有一个统计有人估计，在2011年，欧洲由无所事事青年造成的经济损失高达1530亿美元，占到了GDP的1%以上。除此之外，年轻失业不仅造成眼前的经济损失，还对威胁着未来的发展。
A clutch of academic papers, based mainly on American statistics, shows that people who begin their careers without work are likely to have lower wages and greater odds of future joblessness than those who don’t. A wage penalty of up to 20%, lasting for around 20 years, is common. The scarring seems to worsen fast with the length of joblessness and is handed down to the next generation, too.
一批主要以美国的数据的学术研究指出，那些在职业生涯之处初期没有工作的人比那些有工作的人所获得的报酬更低，而且在未来失业的可能性更大。在近20年的时间里，他们的工资要比其他人低20%的情况会非常普遍。这种使个人伤痕累累的情况随着失业时间的加长正快速恶化，并且还波及到下一代人。
The overall ageing of the population might blunt this effect by increasing demand for labour. But Japan’s youth joblessness, which surged after its financial crisis in the early 1990s, has stayed high despite a fast fall in the overall workforce. A large class of hikikomori live with their parents, rarely leaving home and withdrawn from the workforce.
人口老龄化可能会抵消这种影响，因为它增加了对劳动力的需求。但是日本的青年失业率，自从20世纪90年代早期在金融危机之后出现以来，一直保持在高水平，尽管总体劳动力大幅下降。一大群家里蹲（hikikomori)与父母居住，极少出门，远离工作岗位。
Economists know much less about “scarring” in poor countries. A big study by Richard Freeman of Harvard University and Wei Chi and Hongbin Li of Tsinghua University suggested any impact of joblessness on young Chinese earnings disappears after three years. But studies elsewhere have reported more troubling results. An analysis of the labour market a decade after Indonesia’s financial crisis in 1997 suggested that young people who lost their jobs then were less likely to be in the workforce, and if they were, to have only informal jobs. A study of Argentina and Brazil found that young people who joined the labour force during a recession fared systematically worse as adults.
经济学家对贫穷国家的“伤痕青年”就知道得比较少了。由哈佛大学的理查德•费里曼和清华大学的池伟（音译）、李红兵（音译）所进行的一项大型调查显示，任何由于事业失业对中国青年劳动力造成的影响，在三年内都会消失。但是，其他研究还发现了令人担忧的结果。一项针对1997年金融危机10年后的印尼劳动力市场的分析显示，在当时失去工作的年轻人以后比其他人更容易失业，而且如果他们找到了工作，也仅仅是临时性的。针对阿根廷和巴西的研究发现，那些在经济衰退期间找到工作的年轻人获得的报酬必然要少一些。
The damage may be less in dynamic economies and greatest in stagnant ones where unemployment comes in long bouts—as in the swathe of countries around the Mediterranean. Spain, France, Italy and Greece have some of the highest youth joblessness in the rich world. Morocco, Egypt and other north African and Middle Eastern countries have among the worst rates in the emerging world. Though they are at different stages of development, these countries all suffer disproportionately from employment’s main curses: low growth, clogged labour markets and a mismatch between education and work.
在充满活力的经济体内，它造成的危害可能小一点，但在失业率高居不下、处于滞涨的经济体内，例如地中海沿岸的国家，造成的危害极其巨大。在富裕国家中，西班牙、法国、意大利和希腊失业青年的比例最高，在发展中国家里，摩洛哥、埃及以及其他北非、中东国家的失业情况最严重。虽然这些国家的发展情况不尽相同，但他们不同程度被就业的主要瓶颈所损害，这些瓶颈遭受着就业问题带来的恶果是：低增长率、过剩的劳动力市场和教育与工作之间不相配。
Low growth is the most obvious of the three. Joblessness in southern Europe has surged as economies have shrunk. South Africa’s high jobless rate is stoked by the fact that it is now one of Africa’s slowest-growing economies. But rigid labour markets probably matter even more. Countries that let business cartels curb competition; with high taxes on labour and high minimum wages; and where regulations make it hard to fire people, are bad places for the young jobless. In India big factories and firms face around 200 state and federal laws governing work and pay. South Africa has notably strict laws on firing. Despite a few recent reforms, it is hard to fire older workers in southern European countries (young jobless, often living with parents whose livelihoods would be threatened, are wary of reform). North Africa and the Middle East suffer from a bloated and over-regulated public sector, heavy taxes on labour and high minimum wages.
低增长率是这三者之间最为明显的。在南欧，随着经济萎靡，失业率就上升了。南非的高失业率很就是因为它是非洲增长速度最慢的经济体。但是，僵化的劳动力市场可能影响更大。那些让商业巨头操控竞争、对劳动者征税率高、最低工资高以及制定严苛的裁员规定的国家极不利于年轻的失业者。在印度，大型企业公司要面对200多个规定工作和报酬的州和联邦法律。南非对裁员有着严格的法律限制，这是出了名的。尽管近期有一些改革，但在南欧国家中，想要解雇老龄工人非常困难（年轻的失业者对改革小心谨慎，因为他们通常跟父母住在一起，改革会导致他们的生活受到危险）。北非和中东则因臃肿且管得过多的公共部门、高税率和高最低工资而苦不堪言。
Where are the skilled ones?
技能娴熟的人在哪里？
Economists are now emphasising a third problem: the mismatch between the skills that young people offer and the ones that employees need. Employers are awash with applications—but complain that they cannot find candidates with the right abilities. McKinsey, a consultancy, reports that only 43% of the employers in the nine countries that it has studied in depth (America, Brazil, Britain, Germany, India, Mexico, Morocco, Saudi Arabia and Turkey) think that they can find enough skilled entry-level workers. Middle-sized firms (between 50 and 500 workers) have an average of 13 entry-level jobs empty.
经济学家现在开始强调第三个问题：年轻人所拥有的技能和求职者所需的技能之间的不相称。雇主总是被一堆求职简历包围着，但他们常常抱怨找不到拥有合适技能的候选人。麦肯锡，一个咨询公司，说到，在它深度调查过的9个国家中（美国、巴西、英国、德国、印度、墨西哥、沙特阿拉伯和土耳其），只有43%企业认为它们能够找到技能足够娴熟的入门级员工。中型企业（50至500人之间）平均有13个入门级岗位空缺。
The most obvious reason for the mismatch is poor basic education. In most advanced economies (whether growing or shrinking) the jobless rate for people with less than a secondary-school education is twice as high as for those with university degrees. But two more subtle reasons deserve attention, too.
这种不相称最明显的原因就是糟糕的基础教育。在最发达的国家中（不管现在经济是在增长还是萎缩），中学以下文凭者的失业率是拥有大学学历者两倍之高。但是，有不显著的原因同样值得重视。
Countries with the lowest youth jobless rates have a close relationship between education and work. Germany has a long tradition of high-quality vocational education and apprenticeships, which in recent years have helped it reduce youth unemployment despite only modest growth. Countries with high youth unemployment are short of such links. In France few high-school leavers have any real experience of work. In north Africa universities focus on preparing their students to fill civil-service jobs even as companies complain about the shortage of technical skills. The unemployment rate in Morocco is five times as high for graduates as it is for people with only a primary education. The legacy of apartheid means that young black South Africans often live and go to school many miles from where there are jobs.
那些有着低青年失业率的国家在教育和工作之间形成了一种密切的联系。德国长期以来有着高质量职业教育和学徒制的传统，这使得近年来虽然得到的经济发展速度比较慢，但仍然降低了青年失业率。在有着高失业率的国家中就缺乏这种联系。在法国，极少数高中毕业者有实际的工作经验。在北非，大学主要是使学生适应公务员工作，即使公司一直在抱怨缺少技术型人才。在摩洛哥，毕业生的失业率是那些仅仅受过基础教育者的五倍。在南非，种族隔离制度的后遗症使得年轻的黑人常常去远离有工作的地方生活和学习。
Companies used to try to bridge that gap themselves by investing in training; today they do so less. Peter Capelli, of Wharton business school, argues that companies regard filling a job merely like buying a spare part: you expect it to fit. In 1979, he notes, young workers in large American firms received an average of two and half weeks of training a year. In 1991 only 17% reported receiving any training during the previous year. By 2011 only 21% reported gaining any during the past five. Accenture, a consultancy, says that only 21% of the 1,000 American workers they surveyed gained new skills from company-provided training over the past five years.
企业公司曾试图自己通过加大对培训的投入来弥补两者之间的差距，现在他们较少这样做了。沃顿商学院的彼得•卡佩里指出，企业把填补空缺工作仅仅当成是购买一个备用部件：你得适应工作需要。他注意到，1979，年轻工作在美国大企业平均每年接受2个半星期的培训。1991年，只有17%人称自己在去年中接受了培训。到2011年，只有21%称在过去五年内接受过培训。埃森哲，一个咨询公司，称在1000名他们调查的美国劳动者中，只有21%的人在过去五年内通过公司提供的培训提高了职业技能。

Mismatch and training gaps may explain why over the past five years youth unemployment in flexible economies like America and Britain has risen more than in previous recessions and stayed high. Britain, which has one of the world’s most flexible labour markets, has around 1m NEETs. More than twice as many young Britons (11.5% of the labour force) are unemployed as young Germans (3.9%) (see chart three). Some blame the minimum wage, but Britain also has a long-standing prejudice against practical education. In 2009 only about 8% of English employers trained apprentices compared with up to four times that number in the best continental European countries. 29% of British employers say work experience is “critical” but the share of British children who get a shot at it has been falling for the past 15 years. Only 7% of pupils say they had any mentoring from a local employer and only 19% had visited one.
教育工作不协调和培训缺口可以解释为什么在过去五年里青年失业率在灵活的经济体中，比如美国、巴西，比在以前的经济萧条中上升得更快，并且居高不下。在巴西，这个拥有世界上最灵活的劳动力市场的国家，大约有1百万的尼特族。年轻英国人的失业率（11.5%）是年轻德国人失业率（3.9%）的两倍还要多。有些人认为责任在最低工资上，但是，不可忽视的是，英国一直以来有看不起实践教育的传统。在2009年，只有大约8%的英国雇主培养学徒，相比之下，欧洲大陆最好的国家是它的四倍。29%的英国雇主认为工作经验很“关键”，但是在过去15年间，拥有工作经验的英国儿童的比例一直在下降。只有7%的小学生说他们受到过当地企业的辅导，并且只有19%的人曾经参观过企业。
A more entrepreneurial British economy may have worsened the problem. The share of private-sector employees at big firms (with 250 or more workers) fell from 50% to 40% in 1998-2000. The share at micro-businesses (4 and fewer) rose from 11% to 22%. Small firms are less likely to provide apprenticeships or work experience.
更追求利益的英国经济使得这个问题更加恶化。1998年至2000年间，在大型私人企业部门（拥有250名员工以上）工作的比例由50%下降到40%，同期，在小型企业（4人及以下）就业员工的比例由11%上升到22%。在小型公司更难获得技能学习和工作经验
Many countries are now trying to bridge the gap between education and work by upgrading vocational schools, encouraging standard schools to form closer relations with local companies, and embracing apprenticeships. In 2010 South Korea created a network of vocational “meister” schools—from the German for “master craftsman”—to reduce the country’s shortage of machine operators and plumbers. The government pays the students’ room and board as well as their tuition. It also refers to them as “young meisters” in order to counteract the country’s obsession with academic laurels. In Britain some further-education colleges are embracing the principle that the best way to learn is to do: North Hertfordshire College has launched a business venture with Fit4less, a low-cost gym. Bluegrass College in Kentucky and Toyota have created a replica of a car factory, where workers and students go to classes together.
许多国家现在正视图通过升级职业学校来在联通教育和工作，并且鼓励标准制学校与地方公司建立更紧密的联系，接受学徒制度。在2010年，韩国建立了一个“麦斯特”（这个词来自德语，意思是“能工巧匠”）职业学校网络，以此来弥补机械操作工和水管工的紧缺现状。政府为学生付学费和住宿费。同时，这些学生被称作“青年麦斯特”以便与这个国家对学术荣誉的崇拜相抗衡。在英国，一些继续教育学校开始广泛接受这样的教育原则，即最好的学习方式就是实践：北赫特福德郡学院已经与Fit4less（一个低成本健身房）建立了商业合作，肯塔基州的蓝莓学院和丰田公司合作，原样复制了一个汽车工厂，在这个工厂里工人和学生一起上课。
But it is not enough simply to embrace the German model of training and apprenticeships: you need to update it. Some policymakers want to transform unemployment systems from safety nets into spring boards, providing retraining and job placement. The Nordic countries have been to the fore in this, introducing “youth guarantees”—personalised plans to provide every young person with training or a job. When Germany liberalised its labour market in 2003-05 it also created new ways of getting people back into jobs. For example, to make someone who has been out of work for a long stretch more employable, the state will pay a big chunk of his wages for the first two years of a new job.
但是，仅仅照搬德国的培训和学徒制模式是不够的，还需要革新。一些决策者正考虑将失业保障体系由保护网的形势转变为助跳板，这样可以提供再培训和就业安置。北欧国家已经开始往这方面努力了，他们正在推广“青年保障”，主要是为每个年轻人提供个性化的方法，以便培训或推荐工作。当德国人在2003年至2005年期间自由化他们的劳动力市场时，他们同时找到了让人重返工作的新方法。比如，为了使某些长期离开工作岗位的人更容易找到工作，政府会在新工作的头一年支付大笔薪水给他。
Practicality constrains poorer countries’ ability to implement such active labour-market policies. The well-to-do Nordic countries found that they could hardly cope with the surge in unemployment after the crisis, despite spending up to 2% of GDP on training. Countries like Spain and Italy, with millions of unemployed people, could not hope to follow suit in a time of boom let alone one of austerity. Culture matters, too. Britain’s Labour government raised the number of apprenticeships but diluted their quality in order to keep unemployment figures down. The coalition government has tried to improve quality—but some firms have merely relabelled existing training programmes in order to obtain taxpayers’ money.
实用性限制了较贫穷国家采取这种动态的劳动力市场政策。一直在这方面做得比较好的北欧国家发现他们很难应对危机之后出现了失业潮，虽然他们花费GDP的2%用于职业培训。诸如西班牙和意大利等国家，他们有着千百万的失业人群，在经济繁荣时也很难采取相同的措施，更不用说在经济拮据时。文化同样有影响。英国劳动党政府提高了学徒制的人数，但降低了他们的质量，以使失业数保持在低水平。联合政府曾试图提高质量，但部分公司仅仅是将以前的培训项目换了个名字以便套取纳税人的钱。
A deeper worry is that business is going through a particularly dramatic period of creative destruction. New technology is unleashing a storm of “disruptive innovation” which is forcing firms to rethink their operations from the ground up. Companies are constantly redesigning work—for example they are separating routine tasks (which can be automated or contracted out) from skilled jobs. They are also constantly redesigning themselves by “upsizing”, “downsizing” and “contracting out”. The life expectancy of companies is declining, as is the job tenure of chief executives. Policymakers are finding it more difficult to adapt their labour-market institutions quickly enough.
更深层次的担心是，商业正在经历一个尤为剧烈的创造力破坏时期。新的科技正在发动一场“破坏性创新”的风暴，这强迫公司去从最基础的地方重新思考他们的运营方式。企业公司在不断地重新改造工作，比如他们正在将日常工作（这些是可以被自动完成的或对外转包的）与技能性工作相区分。他们同事也在不断通过“功能升级”“缩减人员”和“服务外包”来改造自身。企业公司的生命预期正在不断下降，随之下降的是主要执行人的职位周期。政府决策者发现快速适应他们的劳动力市场机构变得更加困难了。
However, some firms are taking more interest. IBM has sponsored a school in New York. McDonald’s has an ambitious new training scheme (see article). India’s IT giant, Infosys, plans to train 45,000 new employees a year, including 14,000 at a time at its main campus in Mysore. Americana Group, a regional food and restaurant company with headquarters in Kuwait, allows trainees to spend up to half their time at work and the rest in college.
然而，部分企业却在获得了更多好处。IBM赞助了纽约的一所学校，麦当劳制定了一个雄心勃勃的新培训计划。印度IT巨头印孚瑟斯计划一年之内培训4万5千名新员工，其中包括在迈索尔的主基地中一次性培训1万4千人。阿美卡纳集团，一个总部在科威特的地域性餐饮住宿公司，允许受训者可以最多一半时间工作一半时间在校园休息。
In addition, technology is also providing solutions as well as exacerbating problems. It is greatly reducing the historically high cost of vocational education. “Serious games” can provide young people with a chance to gain “virtual” experience at minimum cost: McDonalds uses competitive video games to teach people how to use the till and interact with customers, for example. Mozilla, the creator of the Firefox web browser, has created an “open badges” initiative that allows people to gain recognition for programming skills. Technology is also making it easier to take work to people who live in work-deprived areas or who are shut out of the market by cartels. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, an internet marketplace, enables companies to hire workers to perform simple tasks such as identifying people in photographs. They can take part from anywhere.
另外，科学在使问题恶化的同时也提供了许多解决方法。它极大减少了职业教育历史性的高花费。“严肃游戏”可以使年轻人以非常小的代价获得“实际”经验，比如，麦当劳利用竞争性电视游戏教会人们如何使用现金盘以及如何与顾客打交道。莫斯拉，火狐浏览器的制作公司，创造了一个名叫“开放勋章”的举措以此来增加员工对编程技巧的认识。同样，科学使住在工作比较少的地区或者被商业巨头拒之门外的人更容易找到工作。亚马逊土耳其机器人，一个网络市场，使得公司可以雇佣劳动力干一些诸如辨认照片的简单活，并且，他们可以在世界上的任何一个角落来参与这份工作。
It is hard to be optimistic about a problem that is blighting the lives of so many people. But it is perhaps time to be a bit less pessimistic. Policymakers know what to do to diminish the problem—ignite growth, break down cartels and build bridges between education and work. New technology gives them powerful tools too. Countries that make the investments and choices needed to grapple with their unemployed youth could see some dramatic improvement ahead.
要想对这个一直损害着许多人生活的问题保持乐观是很难的，但是，现在也许可以不那么悲观。政府知道做什么可以减少这个问题——刺激增长、拆解卡特尔商业巨头以及沟通教育与工作。新的科技还赋予了他们力量强大的工具。那些为自己的失业年轻人倾斜投资和政策的国家在未来将有具体大的发展。

引用 李天歌 2013-4-29 07:50

bettyxjs 发表于 2013-4-28 15:47
楼主，我也翻的这一篇，但感觉你的文笔更流畅！
要多向你学习！
http://www.ecocn.org/thread-186070-1-1.h ...

当时我都要吐了，有些地方真的是不太清楚就等着大家来审了

引用 cunninga 2013-5-13 15:06

为嘛没有中英对照模式

引用 安宏业 2013-5-14 00:26

非常好的文章

引用 schlyuer 2013-5-16 00:50

！ 【Mozilla, the creator of the Firefox web browser】Mozilla并不是一个人，而是一个基金会，是火狐的开发商，中文名“谋智“
！【with high taxes on labour and high minimum wages】这里OP要注意，这里on的宾语只有labour，并不包括high minimum wages，如果OP学过微观经济学的话就应该知道在劳动需求弹性较大的情况下，较高的最低工资会引起原本低工资者的失业，所以这里把high minimum wages理解为一个独立成分更为合理
PS:很长的文章，OP辛苦了

引用 ztrkid 2013-6-5 17:05

A wage penalty of up to 20%...
这句话我看了很久，百度了很多也没百度明白
1.wage penalty 是什么意思？
2.of在句中是什么作用以及什么意思？
劳烦楼主指点一下。

引用 李天歌 2013-6-5 17:59

ztrkid 发表于 2013-6-5 17:05
A wage penalty of up to 20%...
这句话我看了很久，百度了很多也没百度明白
1.wage penalty 是什么意思？

这个应该就是一个 名词加of ，of之后解释的是penalty ，up to是词组表示数字大到什么程度，wage penalty这里应该是理解他的含义，不是说词组或者专有名词，应该是说这种情况造成的损失高达20%，好比说你做错了事发你多少钱或者做多少事。好久了，没细看，你再结合原文理解下，不要把它想复杂了，

引用 ztrkid 2013-6-6 10:23

李天歌 发表于 2013-6-5 17:59
这个应该就是一个 名词加of ，of之后解释的是penalty ，up to是词组表示数字大到什么程度，wage penalty ...

好，谢谢楼主，我再理解一下。

引用 dariush 2013-6-12 22:52

看到长文不得不赞~

引用 Leonardo_Zhang 2013-6-13 23:54

可惜我的权限还看不了中英对照~~

引用 寻找价值 2013-6-14 07:08

如果想更大范围的讨论经济金融等问题可以加入财经观察QQ群44601042

引用 防腐剂 2014-2-8 15:38

原文呢，

引用 彩云国 2014-8-21 10:35

群主： 第四段 里面SOUTH  ASIAN   应该是南亚    不是南非

引用 03159 2017-7-30 21:18

老译员很久不来了，学习一下

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