when we hear that there has been already spelling re- form congresses for the Zulus who have accepted our Roinan alphabet, we have a hint of the possibilities. Then (4) we must surely include in our survey
papal lands as well as pagan, if we are to complete
and perfect the Protestant Reformation. We cannot
ignore Latin America, which is heir to the literature
of Spain and Portugal. Rome will supply its own
literature, and apart from those ever-living classics
which come from Rome—such as the Imitation of
Christ and the great hymns of the ages, we will have
to supply an evengelical protestant literature.
III. With these distinctions in hand, the question
remains, What has already been accomplished? and
we may answer in general that, compared with the
difficulties of the hard conditions under which books
have been written, translated, and published, the re- sult is very wonderful and gives good hope for the
future. Compared, however, with what needs to be
done, we have made but the merest beginning. For
instance, one of our ablest Presbyterian missionaries
from Brazil, a translator himself, tells me that we
could carry in one arm all the evangelical books that
have been published in Portuguese, and he adds, why
go to so much trouble and expense to teach the chil- dren to read, when the larger part of the reading
matter they can get consists of translations of the
worst kind of French novels. He gives a list of
books—half a dozen theological treatises, including
the Westminster Confession of Faith and Dr. Charles
Hodge's "Way of Life," a few commentaries of the
older type, and sermons likewise, and then, besides
Bunyan, John Angell James' "Anxious Inquirer,"
Lindsay's "Reformation," Wharey's "Church History," our Stalker's "Life of Christ," the Schoenberg "Cotta Family," and fifteen Sunday School
story books. In Spanish it is a little better, but even
here a very inadequate repertoire with which to dispute the field with Rome. There are a great many
tracts, religious newspapers, and magazines, but they
cannot take the place of permanent works.
Turning to pagan countries, India probably leads
the mission world in the number, variety and value
of the books and pamphlets, little and great, that are now available.
The Year Book for 1912 gives a list of important
books in Tamil, Telugu, and Urdu—commentaries,
apologetic works, among which may be mentioned Dr.
Orr's book on "The Christian View of God and the
World," and a few others worthy to be classed with
it. There are fifty monthly and weekly magazines
published in fifteen vernaculars in India, Burma, and
Ceylon. Dr. Theodore S. Wynkoop, well known to many here as an American Presbyterian minister, and
for twent}' years the Secretary of the British and
Foreign Bible Society for North India, has sent me
a most interesting account of the first beginnings and
subsequent developments of vernacular literature for
northern India and the Punjab, from which I can only
have time for the following paragraph : "The foundations of Christian literature for all North India and the Punjab were laid by missionaries
of the American Presbyterian Church. Missionaries
who have followed the pioneers have been in the forefront of this branch of Christian evangelism, and