史蒂芬-鲁格 历史人口学家

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史蒂芬-鲁格
历史人口学家｜2022级
通过建立世界上最大的公开人口统计数据库，为定量历史研究制定新的标准。



史蒂芬-鲁格的肖像
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标题
历史人口学家
工作单位
明尼苏达大学社会研究和创新研究所
工作地点
明尼阿波利斯，明尼苏达
年龄
获奖时67岁
关注领域
美国历史, 社会学
网站
明尼苏达大学。史蒂芬-鲁格
综合公共使用微数据系列
明尼苏达州人口中心。Steven Ruggles
社会
推特
发表于2022年10月12日
关于史蒂文的工作
史蒂芬-鲁格是一位历史人口学家，他建立了世界上最广泛的人口统计数据库。鲁格在研究不断变化的家庭结构时遇到的挑战促使他在1993年创建了综合公共使用微数据系列（IPUMS）。在IPUMS，鲁格领导收集、协调和传播对社会变化研究有用的大量人口数据。

鲁格关于美国家庭组成和生活安排变化的学术研究，分析了多代家庭的减少以及单亲家庭和离婚的增加。为了研究这些和其他几十年和几个世纪以来人口的变化特征，鲁格需要大量的个人和家庭层面的人口普查数据，这些数据来自可以追溯到19世纪中期的手稿收藏。之前对历史人口普查数据的研究使用了不一致的抽样技术，并且只关注与特定研究问题相关的人群。如果没有统一的编码方案和一致的记录方法，这些不完整的样本就不能用来对不同时间范围和不同人口亚群的数据进行比较。作为回应，Ruggles推出了IPUMS，为研究人员提供了免费和容易获得的统一数据集。IPUMS包括从1790年到2010年的美国十年一次的人口普查数据，以及其他国家调查档案的数据。IPUMS的记录包含了有关社会指标的宝贵信息，如职业、住房、生育率、死亡率和移民。它们在不同的人口普查年份之间是纵向联系的，使研究人员能够分析不同时期的趋势。鲁格通过开发国际IPUMS扩大了他最初设想的范围，该系统整合了100多个不同国家的人口普查记录，并允许进行跨洲的比较研究。

IPUMS的高度通用的研究基础设施为历史和社会科学的定量研究设定了新的标准。学者们已经使用IPUMS的数据集来探索导致COVID-19脆弱性的人口动态，住宅隔离如何与就业互动，以及气候事件和移民之间的关系，以及无数的其他主题。由于他致力于保护公共使用的微观数据的效用和准确性，Ruggles正在扩大研究人员可以提出和回答有关长期人口变化的问题的范围。

个人简历
史蒂芬-鲁格在威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校获得学士学位（1978年），在宾夕法尼亚大学获得硕士学位（1982年）和博士学位（1984年）。1985年，他成为明尼苏达大学的助理教授，目前担任麦克奈特大学杰出教授以及历史和人口研究的执政者教授。他也是明尼苏达大学社会研究和数据创新研究所的主任和IPUMS数据整合中心的主任。在担任这些职务之前，他曾担任明尼苏达州人口中心的主任（2000-2016）。鲁格是《延长的联系》一书的作者。在19世纪的英国和美国，大家庭的崛起（1987）。他的许多文章发表在《美国历史评论》、《美国历史杂志》、《美国社会学评论》、《社会学年度评论》和《人口学》等刊物上。

史蒂芬的话


一位留着白胡子的年长白人男子站在摆放书籍和文件的书架前


"一场数据革命正在改变人口研究。就在几十年前，调查人员不得不利用一些信息片段；现在，我们被数据淹没了。大规模人口数据的爆炸性增长带来了新的研究机会，刺激了新方法的发展，使发现的速度惊人地加快。

数据革命带来了新的挑战。数据基础设施没有跟上数据数量持续爆炸的步伐。不断变化的标准和措施阻碍了对时间和空间的比较分析。许多用大量公共费用收集的数据是研究界无法获得的。文件通常是不标准的，不完整的，也不适合自动处理。由于对保存的关注不够，宝贵的数据正在消失。

1991年，我建立了IPUMS项目来应对这些挑战。在过去的三十年里，IPUMS的团队由专注和有才华的研究人员、数据科学家和软件开发人员组成，取得了巨大的进展，但我们还有很多工作要做。我们的目标是雄心勃勃的：我们寻求通过使描述世界上不断变化的人口的数据易于使用、可互操作和免费提供，使其获得民主化"。



Steven Ruggles
Historical Demographer | Class of 2022
Setting new standards in quantitative historical research by building the world’s largest publicly available database of population statistics.


Portrait of Steven Ruggles
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Title
Historical Demographer
Affiliation
Institute for Social Research and Innovation, University of Minnesota
Location
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Age
67 at time of award
Area of Focus
American History, Sociology
Website
University of Minnesota: Steven Ruggles
Integrated Public Use Microdata Series
Minnesota Population Center: Steven Ruggles
Social
Twitter
Published October 12, 2022
ABOUT STEVEN’S WORK
Steven Ruggles is a historical demographer building the most extensive database of population statistics in the world. The challenges Ruggles encountered in his research on changing family structures led him to create the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) in 1993. At IPUMS, Ruggles leads the collection, harmonization, and dissemination of a wealth of demographic data useful for studies of social change.

Ruggles’s scholarship on changes in family composition and living arrangements in the United States has analyzed the decline of multigenerational households and the rise of single parenthood and divorce. To investigate these and other changing characteristics of the population over decades and centuries, Ruggles required massive quantities of individual and household-level census data from manuscript collections dating back to the mid-19th century. Prior research with historical census data used inconsistent sampling techniques and focused on populations relevant only to specific research questions. Without uniform coding schemes and consistent documentation methods, these incomplete samples could not be used to make comparisons of data across vast time scales and different population subgroups. In response, Ruggles launched IPUMS to provide researchers with free and easy access to harmonized data sets. IPUMS includes data from United States decennial censuses from 1790 to 2010, in addition to other national survey archives. IPUMS records contain valuable information about social indicators such as occupation, housing, fertility, mortality, and migration. They are longitudinally linked across census years, allowing researchers to analyze trends over time. Ruggles has expanded the scope of his original vision by developing International IPUMS, which integrates census records from over 100 different countries and allows for comparative, transcontinental studies.

The highly versatile research infrastructure of IPUMS has set new standards for quantitative research in history and the social sciences. Scholars have used IPUMS data sets to explore the population dynamics contributing to COVID-19 vulnerability, how residential segregation interacts with employment, and the relationship between climate events and migration, among countless other topics. As he works to preserve the utility and accuracy of public use microdata, Ruggles is expanding the range of questions researchers can ask and answer about long-term demographic change.

BIOGRAPHY
Steven Ruggles received a BA (1978) from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and an MA (1982) and PhD (1984) from the University of Pennsylvania. In 1985, he became an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota, where he currently serves as Distinguished McKnight University Professor and Regents Professor of History and Population Studies. He is also the director of the University of Minnesota’s Institute for Social Research and Data Innovation and director of the IPUMS Center for Data Integration. Prior to these roles, he served as director of the Minnesota Population Center (2000–2016). Ruggles is the author of the book Prolonged Connections: The Rise of the Extended Family in Nineteenth-Century England and America (1987). His numerous articles have been published in such journals as American Historical Review, Journal of American History, American Sociological Review, Annual Review of Sociology, and Demography, among other publications.

IN STEVEN'S WORDS


An older White man with white beard stands in front of shelves with books and files


”A data revolution is transforming population research. Just a few decades ago, investigators had to make do with snippets of information; now we are awash in data. An explosion in the availability of large-scale demographic data has opened new research opportunities and stimulated the development of new methods, resulting in an astonishing acceleration of the pace of discovery.

The data revolution creates new challenges. Data infrastructure has not kept pace with the continuing explosion in the quantity of data. Constantly shifting standards and measures impede comparative analyses over time and space. Much data collected at great public expense is inaccessible to the research community. Documentation is typically nonstandard, incomplete, and inadequate for automated processing. With insufficient attention to preservation, valuable data are disappearing.

In 1991, I established the IPUMS project to address these challenges. The IPUMS team of dedicated and talented researchers, data scientists, and software developers has made enormous headway over the past three decades, but we have much work ahead of us. Our goal is ambitious: we seek to democratize access to data describing the world’s changing population by making them easily usable, interoperable, and freely available.”