2022.02.09 俄罗斯必须尊重各国选择自己道路的权利

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Jens Stoltenberg explains how to step back from the brink of European conflict
The NATO chief says Russia must respect the rights of countries to choose their own path
By Jens Stoltenberg


Feb 9th 2022


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Had the Soviet Union got its way in 1949, Norway would never have become a member of nato. At that time my country was the only potential ally with a land border with Russia, and the Soviet Union strongly opposed its joining the alliance. The Kremlin wanted to dictate what Norway could or could not do.

Norwegian politicians took the decision into their own hands. They defended their country’s right to self-determination and chose nato. I am grateful that nations like France, Britain and America supported us in upholding this fundamental right. They did not bow to Soviet pressure, and instead welcomed Norway as a founding member of our alliance.


After the end of the cold war, the new democracies of Central and Eastern Europe, from the Baltic region to the Western Balkans, gladly walked through nato’s open door. These countries chose to join our family of their own free will. They worked hard over many years to implement significant reforms and to demonstrate their contributions to European and transatlantic security. Existing nato allies decided to welcome them by consensus.

All sovereign nations have the right to choose their own path. It is a core principle of international law, laid out in the 1945 Charter of the United Nations, and many other key international agreements that Russia has signed up to. nato’s Open Door policy is an historic success. Former adversaries became allies, spreading freedom, security and prosperity across Europe. It has benefited everyone, Russia included, because all enjoy the advantages of a stable neighbourhood.

Now Russia demands that we deny Ukraine the right to choose its own path. And, for the first time, China has joined Russia in calling on nato to stop admitting new members. This is a blatant attempt to deny sovereign nations the right to make their own choices. And it is not just about Ukraine. It would also prevent other countries, such as Finland and Sweden, from exercising the right to choose their own security arrangements.

When I spoke to Finland’s president and the prime minister of Sweden recently, both made it very clear that they do not want nato to sign any binding treaty denying them the right to join the alliance. Neither country is applying for nato membership now. But should they one day decide to do so, it should be their decision, not Russia’s, China’s, or that of any other country.


Moreover, Russia wants nato to withdraw troops and support from countries that joined it after the collapse of communism, in effect limiting our right to defend all allies. Like our policy to keep our door open to new members, this is enshrined in nato’s founding text, the Washington Treaty. nato does not have first-class and second-class allies. We stand as one, and will always do what is necessary to protect and defend all allies, regardless of their size or where they are placed on the map.

We cannot turn the clock back to an age dominated by great powers’ spheres of influence, when large countries could tell smaller neighbours what they can do. A world in which might is right is not a world we want to live in. No country should use force, or the threat of force, to redraw borders, upend Europe’s security architecture and rewrite the international rule book. This is a critical time for our security. Dialogue is central to finding a political solution to the crisis created by Russia’s massive military build-up in and around Ukraine.

Even during the iciest period of the cold war, nato membership did not prevent Norway from engaging with Moscow. Rather, it offered a firm platform from which to do so. This kind of diplomacy can be difficult. But in 2010, when I was Norway’s prime minister, we signed an agreement with Russia which solved a decades-long territorial dispute in the Barents Sea. With strength and determination, we found a way forward that was beneficial to both sides, increasing our co-operation on fisheries and on management of oil and gas resources. We need to do the same with Russia today.

Despite our deep differences, we remain ready to talk with Moscow. I have invited Russia and all 30 nato allies–Europeans and North Americans together–for a series of meetings in the nato-Russia Council, our formal mechanism for consultation set up in 2002. That invitation stands.

We are ready to listen to Russia’s concerns, to discuss how we can improve nato-Russia relations, reduce risks and increase transparency of military activities, such as exercises, address arms control, disarmament, non-proliferation and other issues that affect our security. This is an agenda for a substantive dialogue, respectful of everybody’s rights.




延斯-斯托尔滕贝格解释如何从欧洲冲突的边缘退下来
北约负责人表示，俄罗斯必须尊重各国选择自己道路的权利
作者：延斯-斯托尔滕贝格


2022年2月9日


如果苏联在1949年得逞，挪威就不会成为北约成员。当时，我国是唯一与俄罗斯有陆地边界的潜在盟友，而苏联强烈反对挪威加入该联盟。克里姆林宫想支配挪威可以或不可以做什么。

挪威的政治家们将决定权掌握在自己手中。他们捍卫了自己国家的自决权，选择了北约。我很感激法国、英国和美国等国家支持我们维护这一基本权利。他们没有向苏联的压力低头，而是欢迎挪威成为我们联盟的一个创始成员。


冷战结束后，从波罗的海地区到西巴尔干地区，中欧和东欧的新民主国家欣然走进了北约的大门。这些国家按照自己的意愿选择加入我们的大家庭。他们多年来努力工作，实施重大改革，展示他们对欧洲和跨大西洋安全的贡献。现有的北约盟国以协商一致的方式决定欢迎他们。

所有主权国家都有权利选择自己的道路。这是国际法的核心原则，在1945年的《联合国宪章》以及俄罗斯已经签署的许多其他重要国际协议中都有规定。北约的开放政策是一个历史性的成功。昔日的对手成为盟友，在整个欧洲传播自由、安全和繁荣。它使每个人都受益，包括俄罗斯，因为所有人都享有一个稳定的邻国的好处。

现在，俄罗斯要求我们剥夺乌克兰选择自己道路的权利。而且，中国首次与俄罗斯一起呼吁北约停止接纳新成员。这是一个公然企图剥夺主权国家做出自己选择的权利。而且，这不仅仅是关于乌克兰。它还将阻止其他国家，如芬兰和瑞典，行使选择自己的安全安排的权利。

当我最近与芬兰总统和瑞典首相交谈时，他们都非常清楚地表示，他们不希望北约签署任何有约束力的条约，剥夺他们加入联盟的权利。这两个国家现在都没有申请加入北约。但如果有一天他们决定这样做，这应该是他们的决定，而不是俄罗斯、中国或任何其他国家的决定。


此外，俄罗斯希望北约从共产主义崩溃后加入北约的国家撤出军队和支持，这实际上限制了我们保卫所有盟国的权利。就像我们向新成员敞开大门的政策一样，这也是北约的创始文本--《华盛顿条约》中所规定的。我们团结一致，并将始终采取必要的措施来保护和捍卫所有的盟友，无论其大小或在地图上的位置如何。

我们不能让时光倒流到由大国势力范围主导的时代，那时大国可以对小国的邻国指手画脚。一个强权即正义的世界不是我们想要生活的世界。任何国家都不应该使用武力或威胁使用武力来重新划分边界，颠覆欧洲的安全架构，改写国际规则。现在是我们安全的关键时刻。对话是为俄罗斯在乌克兰及其周边地区的大规模军事集结造成的危机找到政治解决方案的核心。

即使在冷战最激烈的时期，挪威的北约成员国身份也没有阻止挪威与莫斯科的接触。相反，它为挪威提供了一个坚实的平台，使其能够这样做。这种外交可能是困难的。但在2010年，当我担任挪威首相时，我们与俄罗斯签署了一项协议，解决了巴伦支海长达几十年的领土争端。凭借实力和决心，我们找到了一条对双方都有利的前进道路，加强了我们在渔业以及石油和天然气资源管理方面的合作。今天，我们需要与俄罗斯做同样的事情。

尽管我们有深刻的分歧，但我们仍然准备与莫斯科对话。我已经邀请俄罗斯和所有30个北约盟国--欧洲人和北美人一起--在北约-俄罗斯理事会举行一系列会议，这是我们在2002年建立的正式协商机制。这一邀请仍然有效。

我们准备倾听俄罗斯的关切，讨论我们如何能够改善北约-俄罗斯的关系，减少风险和增加军事活动的透明度，例如演习，解决军备控制、裁军、不扩散和其他影响我们安全的问题。这是一个实质性对话的议程，尊重每个人的权利。