2022.06.22 世界上最适宜居住的城市

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世界上最适宜居住的城市
生活正在恢复正常，如果不是到处都是的话
2022年6月22日



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在维也纳，他们称之为 "生活的艺术"（Lebenskunst），现在奥地利首都的餐馆和博物馆已经重新开放，它再次成为实践这门艺术的完美场所。我们的姐妹公司Eiu对 "宜居性 "的一项新调查表示赞同。在过去五年中，维也纳第三次在iu的排名中名列前茅。该城市提供了大量的文化和娱乐机会，以及良好的基础设施和整体稳定性。前十名中还有五个欧洲小城市，它们也从放宽covid-19的限制中受益。然而，自去年以来，巴黎和伦敦由于拥堵和犯罪等大城市问题而在排名中表现较差，但由于它们开始将covid视为地方病而不是大流行病，其排名分别飙升了23位和27位，达到第19位和33位。(见图表）。


Eiu的指数最初是作为一种工具，帮助公司分配艰苦条件津贴，作为外派人员搬迁计划的一部分，该指数根据30多个因素对172个城市（从去年的140个）的生活条件进行评级。这些因素被分为五个类别：稳定性、医疗保健、文化和环境、教育和基础设施。今年是该指数纳入与covid有关的指标的第二年；这些指标评估了每个城市如何应对对保健设施的需求增加以及学校、餐馆和文化场所的关闭或容量限制。



部分恢复正常的情况并不局限于西欧。三个加拿大城市进入了前十名，而纽约、洛杉矶和华盛顿特区与去年相比都有所改善。根据《经济学人》的正常指数，追踪旅行、娱乐和办公室使用情况，美国和加拿大的活动现在处于大流行前水平的十分之九左右。全球活动只比病毒出现前低六分之一左右。这反映在全球平均宜居性得分上，它已经反弹到接近正常水平的水平。

对于一些城市的崛起，其他城市必须下降。中国的每一个城市都在排名中下滑，而拥有强大边境管制的岛屿国家的城市，一年前得分很高，现在却受到影响。奥克兰去年名列前茅，它的猫科动物病例很少，限制也更少。但是在3月，当调查进行时，高度传染性的Omicron病毒株导致新西兰的病例激增--该城市排名下降了33位。


乌克兰的战争也在影响着宜居性。基辅在2022年没有得分，因为eiu的记者在战斗爆发时不得不放弃调查。莫斯科和圣彼得堡的排名分别下降了15位和13位，分别为第80位和第88位，因为有数百家西方公司撤出了俄罗斯，审查制度也在增加。其他受战争传染影响的城市，如布达佩斯和华沙，随着地缘政治紧张局势的加剧，其稳定性得分也出现下滑。

如果战争在今年持续下去，更多的城市可能会遭受食品和燃料供应的破坏。今年宜居性的可喜上升可能是短暂的。



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The world’s most liveable cities
Life is getting back to normal, if not quite everywhere
Jun 22nd 2022

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In vienna they call it Lebenskunst—the art of living well—and now that restaurants and museums in the Austrian capital have reopened, it is once again the perfect place to practise the art. A new survey of “liveability” by eiu, our sister company, agrees. For the third time in the past five years, Vienna has come top of the eiu’s ranking. The city offers plenty of opportunities for culture and entertainment, as well as good infrastructure and overall stability. Five other small European cities feature in the top ten, having also benefited from the easing of covid-19 restrictions. Yet since last year Paris and London, which usually perform less well in the ranking because of big-city problems like congestion and crime, have soared 23 and 27 places to 19th and 33rd respectively, as they start to treat covid as endemic rather than a pandemic. (See chart.)


Originally designed as a tool to help companies assign hardship allowances as part of expatriates’ relocation packages, the eiu’s index rates living conditions in 172 cities (up from 140 last year) based on more than 30 factors. These are grouped into five categories: stability, health care, culture and environment, education and infrastructure. This is the second year in which the index incorporates indicators related to covid; these assess how each city has coped with increased demand on health–care facilities and with closures or capacity limits for schools, restaurants and cultural venues.



A partial return to normality is not confined to western Europe. Three Canadian cities have moved into the top ten, while New York, Los Angeles and Washington, DC have all improved compared with last year. According to The Economist’s normalcy index, which tracks travel, recreation and office use, activity in America and Canada is now at around nine-tenths of pre-pandemic levels. Global activity is only around one-sixth lower than before the virus emerged. This is reflected in the global average liveability score, which has bounced back to something approaching normality.

For some cities to rise, others must fall. Every city in China has slipped down the rankings, and cities in island nations with strong border controls that scored well a year ago are suffering now. Auckland came top last year, with few covid cases and even fewer restrictions. But in March, when the survey was conducted, the highly contagious Omicron strain caused a spike in cases in New Zealand—and the city dropped 33 places.


The war in Ukraine is also weighing on liveability. There is no score in 2022 for Kyiv because the eiu’s correspondent had to abandon the survey when fighting broke out. Moscow and St Petersburg have dropped 15 and 13 places to 80th and 88th, as hundreds of Western firms have pulled out of Russia and censorship has increased. Other cities affected by the contagion of war, such as Budapest and Warsaw, saw their stability scores slip as geopolitical tensions increased.

If the war continues throughout this year, more cities could suffer disruption to food and fuel supplies. The welcome rise in liveability this year might be short-lived.