2022.03.03 已有超过100万人逃离乌克兰

shiyi18

Daily chart
More than 1m people have fled Ukraine
Millions more may follow them out of the country
Mar 3rd 2022


"We will accept as many refugees as will be needed,” said Marcin Ociepa, Poland’s deputy minister of defence, on February 21st, three days before Russia invaded Ukraine. More than 1m people have since fled Ukraine amid Vladimir Putin’s bloody war. Over half a million of them have sought refuge in Poland, one of four neighbouring countries that is a member of both the European Union and NATO.

All neighbouring EU countries have pledged to accept Ukrainians, in contrast to previous refugee crises. Data from the UNHCR, the UN’s refugee agency, show that Hungary, Romania and Slovakia have accepted 133,000, 51,000 and 79,000 refugees, respectively. Others have fled to Moldova, one of Europe’s poorest countries (which belongs to neither the EU nor NATO). Around 100,000 have arrived since war broke out—equivalent to about 4% of Moldova’s population.


Many migrants are trying to join relatives in countries farther afield. About 90,000 have so far reached European countries beyond Ukraine’s immediate neighbours. On March 3rd EU member states agreed to extend visa-free travel for people fleeing Ukraine. They will also have access to government services without applying for asylum.

Not all those crossing the border are Ukrainians and some non-white refugees are receiving a hostile welcome. Nor is everyone heading west: 50,000 people have left for Russia and 374 people crossed into Belarus. Hundreds of thousands are thought to have been displaced within Ukraine.

The UNHCR reckons up to 4m people—almost a tenth of Ukraine’s population—might flee in the coming weeks. At current levels of migration that number would be hit by March 19th. The EU’s estimate is even higher: it expects up to 7m refugees. That would represent about a quarter of the population eligible to leave (Ukrainian men aged between 18 and 60 have to stay in the country as they may be conscripted). With war raging, no one knows how many will return, or when. The exodus from Ukraine has been sudden, but its effects will endure for years.



每日图表
已有超过100万人逃离乌克兰
还有数百万人可能跟随他们离开该国
2022年3月3日



2月21日，在俄罗斯入侵乌克兰的前三天，波兰国防部副部长马尔钦-奥谢帕(Marcin Ociepa)说："我们将接受所需的难民，"。此后，超过100万人在弗拉基米尔-普京的血腥战争中逃离了乌克兰。其中50多万人在波兰寻求避难，波兰是同时是欧盟和北约成员的四个邻国之一。

所有欧盟邻国都承诺接受乌克兰人，这与以往的难民危机形成鲜明对比。联合国难民署（UNHCR）的数据显示，匈牙利、罗马尼亚和斯洛伐克分别接受了13.3万、5.1万和7.9万难民。其他人则逃往摩尔多瓦，这是欧洲最贫穷的国家之一（既不属于欧盟也不属于北约）。自战争爆发以来，约有10万人抵达，相当于摩尔多瓦人口的4%。


许多移民试图加入更远的国家的亲属。到目前为止，约有9万人到达了乌克兰近邻以外的欧洲国家。3月3日，欧盟成员国同意延长对逃离乌克兰的人的免签证旅行。他们还可以在不申请庇护的情况下获得政府服务。

并非所有越过边境的人都是乌克兰人，一些非白人难民受到了敌对的欢迎。也不是所有人都在向西走。5万人已前往俄罗斯，374人进入白俄罗斯。数十万人被认为在乌克兰境内流离失所。

联合国难民署估计，未来几周可能有多达400万人--几乎是乌克兰人口的十分之一--逃离。按照目前的移民水平，这个数字将在3月19日之前达到。欧盟的估计甚至更高：它预计将有多达700万难民。这将占到有资格离开的人口的四分之一（18至60岁的乌克兰男子必须留在该国，因为他们可能被征召）。在战争肆虐的情况下，没有人知道有多少人将返回，或何时返回。乌克兰的人口外流是突然的，但其影响将持续多年。